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<p>This study presents a detailed numerical analysis of the thermal performance of two helical Ground Source Heat Exchanger (GSHE) configurations. The effect of different pipe geometries, material conductivities, and nanofluid concentrations on the thermal characteristics is examined in detail using Ansys Fluent, with an inlet velocity of 1&#xa0;m/s maintained. A steady-state model of the subsurface heat-exchanger system was developed using water and nanofluids (2–8%). The Earth and backfill were fixed at 289&#xa0;K, with a 1&#xa0;m/s, 315&#xa0;K velocity inlet and an atmospheric outflow at the outlet. Walls were treated as coupled where possible, and remaining walls were maintained at 289&#xa0;K. As the flow inside the heat exchanger is turbulent, the k-ε standard model was employed. The outcomes showed that copper provides the highest heat transfer performance, but steel can be a cost-effective alternative with satisfactory efficiency for industrial applications. The 8% Al₂O₃–water nanofluid working fluid enhanced heat transfer by approximately 20% compared to pure water. Optimal performance was achieved for helical pipes with a diameter of 10–12&#xa0;mm, particularly in the outer outlet configuration. It offers the highest thermal efficiency and the lowest resistance. The study provides a quantitative insight into the influence of geometric and material parameters on GSHE efficiency. It proposes an optimised configuration that balances thermal performance, cost, and sustainability for practical geothermal energy applications.</p>

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Comparative study on thermal performances of ground source heat exchangers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Arunabha Mahato,
  • Ravi Kant Singh,
  • Suprakash Halder,
  • Sasanka Jana,
  • K. Dhanraj Rao,
  • Nayel Biswas,
  • Srija Ghosh,
  • Sushovan Chatterjee,
  • Subhas Chandra Rana

摘要

This study presents a detailed numerical analysis of the thermal performance of two helical Ground Source Heat Exchanger (GSHE) configurations. The effect of different pipe geometries, material conductivities, and nanofluid concentrations on the thermal characteristics is examined in detail using Ansys Fluent, with an inlet velocity of 1 m/s maintained. A steady-state model of the subsurface heat-exchanger system was developed using water and nanofluids (2–8%). The Earth and backfill were fixed at 289 K, with a 1 m/s, 315 K velocity inlet and an atmospheric outflow at the outlet. Walls were treated as coupled where possible, and remaining walls were maintained at 289 K. As the flow inside the heat exchanger is turbulent, the k-ε standard model was employed. The outcomes showed that copper provides the highest heat transfer performance, but steel can be a cost-effective alternative with satisfactory efficiency for industrial applications. The 8% Al₂O₃–water nanofluid working fluid enhanced heat transfer by approximately 20% compared to pure water. Optimal performance was achieved for helical pipes with a diameter of 10–12 mm, particularly in the outer outlet configuration. It offers the highest thermal efficiency and the lowest resistance. The study provides a quantitative insight into the influence of geometric and material parameters on GSHE efficiency. It proposes an optimised configuration that balances thermal performance, cost, and sustainability for practical geothermal energy applications.