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<p>A traditional airfoil NACA0012 is employed to examine the aerodynamic characteristics of a flapping wing in forward flight. Numerical simulations were carried out to determine the effect of frequency acceleration on aerodynamic behavior. The results indicate that acceleration significantly enhances lift and slightly improves propulsion compared to non-acceleration condition. Acceleration applied solely in the sweeping motion had a minimal influence on lift, whereas positive sweeping acceleration considerably reduced propulsion, even turning it negative – a trend explained by shedding strength of tailing edge vortex (TEV). In contrast, pitching acceleration showed no notable effect on propulsion, but negative pitching acceleration increased lift by up to 9 times compared to the AM-10 baseline. Regarding to the acceleration coefficient, lift improvement was observed only when the coefficient <i>n</i> was below 1.2. Additionally, the advanced ratio was found to markedly influence aerodynamic performance, simultaneously reducing both lift and propulsion. The examination of frequency acceleration provides a theoretical foundation for improving aerodynamic performance and guiding the construction of flapping wing drones.</p>

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The frequency acceleration effect on aerodynamic characteristic of 3-DoF flapping wing in forward flight

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Li Zhandong,
  • Ma Shuang,
  • Zhao Jinfang,
  • Chen Ping,
  • Dong Chunmei,
  • Kong Fanwei

摘要

A traditional airfoil NACA0012 is employed to examine the aerodynamic characteristics of a flapping wing in forward flight. Numerical simulations were carried out to determine the effect of frequency acceleration on aerodynamic behavior. The results indicate that acceleration significantly enhances lift and slightly improves propulsion compared to non-acceleration condition. Acceleration applied solely in the sweeping motion had a minimal influence on lift, whereas positive sweeping acceleration considerably reduced propulsion, even turning it negative – a trend explained by shedding strength of tailing edge vortex (TEV). In contrast, pitching acceleration showed no notable effect on propulsion, but negative pitching acceleration increased lift by up to 9 times compared to the AM-10 baseline. Regarding to the acceleration coefficient, lift improvement was observed only when the coefficient n was below 1.2. Additionally, the advanced ratio was found to markedly influence aerodynamic performance, simultaneously reducing both lift and propulsion. The examination of frequency acceleration provides a theoretical foundation for improving aerodynamic performance and guiding the construction of flapping wing drones.