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<p>This work presents a theoretical investigation of shear-horizontal (SH) wave propagation in a piezomagnetic–piezoelectric semiconductor (PMSC) ZnO<sub>x</sub>+CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4(1−x)</sub> alloy plate. The effective material parameters of the hybrid 60%ZnO–40%CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composition are derived using Vegard’s rule, while the roots of shear horizontal (SH) waves are calculated using the ordinary differential equation (ODE) formulation. Actually, the screening effect is obtained through the behaviour of SH waves, energy distribution, and energy-harvesting efficiency, energy distribution, and energy-harvesting efficiency. A critical comparison with those for ZnO piezoelectric semiconductor (PSC) is provided. The findings show that the optimal region for metallic contact and carrier accumulation expands from [1.57–2.35&#xa0;μm] in PSC ZnO to [1.57–4.71&#xa0;μm] in PMSC ZnO–CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, confirming a significant enhancement in energy-harvesting capability. The energy partition among kinetic, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and carrier-related components reveals that mechanical energy dominates over both electrical and magnetic energies, while all total energy densities remain positive except those associated with charge carriers. Furthermore, the kinetic and mechanical energies are equal in magnitude and evolve in counterphase, reflecting the dynamic exchange between elastic deformation and inertial motion. These results provide valuable theoretical insights into the coupled electromechanical–magnetic behavior of PMSC materials and offer design guidance for next-generation smart devices and magnetoelectrically coupled energy-harvesting systems.</p>

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Energy characteristics of shear-horizontal waves in piezomagnetic-piezoelectric semiconductor materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Issam Ben Salah,
  • Anouar Njeh

摘要

This work presents a theoretical investigation of shear-horizontal (SH) wave propagation in a piezomagnetic–piezoelectric semiconductor (PMSC) ZnOx+CoFe2O4(1−x) alloy plate. The effective material parameters of the hybrid 60%ZnO–40%CoFe2O4 composition are derived using Vegard’s rule, while the roots of shear horizontal (SH) waves are calculated using the ordinary differential equation (ODE) formulation. Actually, the screening effect is obtained through the behaviour of SH waves, energy distribution, and energy-harvesting efficiency, energy distribution, and energy-harvesting efficiency. A critical comparison with those for ZnO piezoelectric semiconductor (PSC) is provided. The findings show that the optimal region for metallic contact and carrier accumulation expands from [1.57–2.35 μm] in PSC ZnO to [1.57–4.71 μm] in PMSC ZnO–CoFe2O4, confirming a significant enhancement in energy-harvesting capability. The energy partition among kinetic, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and carrier-related components reveals that mechanical energy dominates over both electrical and magnetic energies, while all total energy densities remain positive except those associated with charge carriers. Furthermore, the kinetic and mechanical energies are equal in magnitude and evolve in counterphase, reflecting the dynamic exchange between elastic deformation and inertial motion. These results provide valuable theoretical insights into the coupled electromechanical–magnetic behavior of PMSC materials and offer design guidance for next-generation smart devices and magnetoelectrically coupled energy-harvesting systems.