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<p>This study proposes a novel variable pitch strategy for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) to solve the self-starting problem. This method actively controls VAWT blades do a pitching motion to flexibly switch states for using lift or drag force. At low Tip Speed Ratio (TSR), the variable pitch blades effectively use drag force to rotate the wind turbine by maintaining a vertical direction to incoming wind within a specific azimuthal angle. At high TSR, the variable pitch VAWT can be converted to traditional VAWT to avoid efficiency losses. The study evaluates VAWT starting performance in terms of starting time and required wind speed. Compared to traditional VAWT, the variable pitch VAWT demonstrates significantly higher average torque coefficients at low TSR. At 5.5&#xa0;m/s wind speed, the variable pitch VAWT achieves a starting time of 12.9s, reducing the traditional VAWT’s 21.7s by 40.6%. Remarkably, at 4.5&#xa0;m/s wind speed—a threshold where traditional VAWT fail to self-starting—the strategy enables successful self-starting in 14.4s, overcoming low-wind limitations. Collectively, this study not only shortens VAWT starting time but also lowers the minimum wind speed required for operation, offering a practical solution for deploying VAWT in low-wind environments.</p>

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Improving vertical axis wind turbine starting performance by active control blade pitching to combined using lift-drag force

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • Huilan Huang,
  • Zhaojie Huang,
  • Gang Li

摘要

This study proposes a novel variable pitch strategy for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) to solve the self-starting problem. This method actively controls VAWT blades do a pitching motion to flexibly switch states for using lift or drag force. At low Tip Speed Ratio (TSR), the variable pitch blades effectively use drag force to rotate the wind turbine by maintaining a vertical direction to incoming wind within a specific azimuthal angle. At high TSR, the variable pitch VAWT can be converted to traditional VAWT to avoid efficiency losses. The study evaluates VAWT starting performance in terms of starting time and required wind speed. Compared to traditional VAWT, the variable pitch VAWT demonstrates significantly higher average torque coefficients at low TSR. At 5.5 m/s wind speed, the variable pitch VAWT achieves a starting time of 12.9s, reducing the traditional VAWT’s 21.7s by 40.6%. Remarkably, at 4.5 m/s wind speed—a threshold where traditional VAWT fail to self-starting—the strategy enables successful self-starting in 14.4s, overcoming low-wind limitations. Collectively, this study not only shortens VAWT starting time but also lowers the minimum wind speed required for operation, offering a practical solution for deploying VAWT in low-wind environments.