<p>Improved computational facilities have extended applications of computational fluid dynamics for complex geometries of turbo-machineries like turbine and pump. Experiments to investigate the complex flow in Francis turbine are costly and time-consuming. Simulation-based analysis offers a cost-effective alternative to experimental investigations, providing an efficient option for investigations. The present review article articulately provides an overview on two major parts, i.e. numerical strategies for selecting a computational domain of Francis turbine followed by its effect on the prediction of turbine performance parameters. A critical discussion on the numerical strategies in terms of geometrical modelling, meshing, solvers employed, and turbulence models is documented and tabulated. Performance parameters are summarized based on the efficiency, pressure pulsations and their frequency, velocity profiles, added mass, and hydrodynamic damping characteristics. In addition, research on rotor–stator interaction, fluid–structure interaction, and vortex rope formation involving different methodologies for both steady and transient state of operations is compiled. It is observed that instead of full-scale modelling, component and passage modelling can be an effective method. Compared to the experimental data, results obtained for part load operating conditions are deviating, whereas best efficiency point condition gives more accurate results. Depending upon the available computational facility, it is recommended to use inexpensive hybrid models (partially average Navier–Stokes, detached eddy simulation, and scale adaptive simulation) or expensive model like large eddy simulations to capture the intricate physics involved in vortex rope formation.</p>