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<p>This paper proposes a coupling analysis method combining self-defined mean air age and relative humidity field functions to study passenger compartment air conditioning cooling in summer environments with solar radiation. The impact of air supply velocity on cabin air distribution and thermal comfort is analyzed. A 3D cabin model including driver, seats, and dashboard was developed using CATIA. STAR-CCM + performed CFD simulations, coupled with TAITherm’s Berkeley human thermal regulation model incorporating physiological parameters. Simulations under 12&#xa0;°C supply and 35&#xa0;°C ambient show that increasing air velocity from 4&#xa0;m/s to 10&#xa0;m/s reduces driver nose-tip air age from 63.038&#xa0;s to 27.318&#xa0;s, showing a trend of high in the front row and low in the back row. Cabin relative humidity rises proportionally with air speed, with driver chest humidity increasing from 27.5% to 52.69%. The PMV thermal comfort index first increases and then decreases with the increase of airflow speed, reaching 0.35 at 8&#xa0;m/s, which is within the comfortable range of −0.5 to 0.5. The research results indicate that appropriately increasing the air supply speed can enhance air exchange efficiency and thermal comfort. The main findings reveal that 8&#xa0;m/s is the optimal speed threshold, shortening the time for fresh air to reach the driver’s nostrils by 46.1% compared to 4&#xa0;m/s, while achieving compliant PMV values with humidity trade-offs managed. This method combines numerical simulations with human physiological response analysis, providing technical support for the development of HVAC systems.</p>

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Simulation study of thermal comfort of passenger compartment based on mean age of air and relative humidity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Zhimiao Li,
  • Jiafa Han,
  • Hongfei Lu,
  • Yuan Li,
  • Fang Fang,
  • Shixin Yang

摘要

This paper proposes a coupling analysis method combining self-defined mean air age and relative humidity field functions to study passenger compartment air conditioning cooling in summer environments with solar radiation. The impact of air supply velocity on cabin air distribution and thermal comfort is analyzed. A 3D cabin model including driver, seats, and dashboard was developed using CATIA. STAR-CCM + performed CFD simulations, coupled with TAITherm’s Berkeley human thermal regulation model incorporating physiological parameters. Simulations under 12 °C supply and 35 °C ambient show that increasing air velocity from 4 m/s to 10 m/s reduces driver nose-tip air age from 63.038 s to 27.318 s, showing a trend of high in the front row and low in the back row. Cabin relative humidity rises proportionally with air speed, with driver chest humidity increasing from 27.5% to 52.69%. The PMV thermal comfort index first increases and then decreases with the increase of airflow speed, reaching 0.35 at 8 m/s, which is within the comfortable range of −0.5 to 0.5. The research results indicate that appropriately increasing the air supply speed can enhance air exchange efficiency and thermal comfort. The main findings reveal that 8 m/s is the optimal speed threshold, shortening the time for fresh air to reach the driver’s nostrils by 46.1% compared to 4 m/s, while achieving compliant PMV values with humidity trade-offs managed. This method combines numerical simulations with human physiological response analysis, providing technical support for the development of HVAC systems.