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<p>Decarbonizing the transportation sector can be effectively achieved through biofuels in advanced internal combustion engines. Among propulsion technologies, ultra-high injection systems using hydrous ethanol are particularly promising. This study investigates whether increasing injection pressure alone enhances thermal efficiency, as suggested in the literature, and evaluates the role of nozzle geometry. Experiments analyzed indicators of air–fuel mixture homogeneity and atomization quality for three group-hole injectors operating with ethanol at three ultra-high pressures. Spray properties were characterized using a high-speed camera and a Phase Doppler Interferometer system in an experimental setup designed for ultra-high-pressure conditions. Results reveal that higher injection pressures do not necessarily guarantee improved atomization or air–fuel mixing. Similarly, reducing nozzle orifice diameter alone does not consistently yield the expected benefits. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing nozzle geometry and injection pressure together to enhance atomization efficiency. Particularly, the study shows that external nozzle properties significantly influence spray behavior, often overshadowing the effects of increased injection pressure. This insight offers a novel contribution to the field, providing guidance for the development of more efficient injection systems.</p>

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The co-analysis of ultra-high injection pressure and specific nozzle proprieties in order to improve atomization efficiency of biofuels: a study of sprays produced by different group-hole injectors fueled with hydrous ethanol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月14日

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  • Rafael Hauckewitz Todaro,
  • Fernando Malvezzi,
  • Clayton Barcelos Zabeu

摘要

Decarbonizing the transportation sector can be effectively achieved through biofuels in advanced internal combustion engines. Among propulsion technologies, ultra-high injection systems using hydrous ethanol are particularly promising. This study investigates whether increasing injection pressure alone enhances thermal efficiency, as suggested in the literature, and evaluates the role of nozzle geometry. Experiments analyzed indicators of air–fuel mixture homogeneity and atomization quality for three group-hole injectors operating with ethanol at three ultra-high pressures. Spray properties were characterized using a high-speed camera and a Phase Doppler Interferometer system in an experimental setup designed for ultra-high-pressure conditions. Results reveal that higher injection pressures do not necessarily guarantee improved atomization or air–fuel mixing. Similarly, reducing nozzle orifice diameter alone does not consistently yield the expected benefits. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing nozzle geometry and injection pressure together to enhance atomization efficiency. Particularly, the study shows that external nozzle properties significantly influence spray behavior, often overshadowing the effects of increased injection pressure. This insight offers a novel contribution to the field, providing guidance for the development of more efficient injection systems.