<p>This study constructs an analytical model that couples gear vibration and elastohydrodynamic lubrication to investigate the lubrication performance of asymmetric gears under dynamic loads. First, the dynamic equations of asymmetric gears are established, and the vibration characteristics under different pressure angles are analyzed. Then, a comparative analysis of oil film characteristics under varying pressure angles is conducted, exploring the lubrication behavior under dynamic loads and examining the effects of rotational speed and input power on lubrication performance. Meanwhile, the interference mechanism of surface roughness on oil film characteristics is considered. The results indicate that increasing the pressure angle can improve the dynamic characteristics of the meshing process and enhance lubrication performance. Moreover, increasing rotational speed and reducing input power significantly improve gear lubrication, while higher surface roughness intensifies oil film pressure fluctuations and reduces lubrication stability.</p>