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<p>According to the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), approximately 28,000 new cases of breast cancer are reported annually as of 2023. Unfortunately, statistics reveal that 60% of these cases are diagnosed at advanced stages. In 2022, 7,840 women lost their lives to breast cancer. The IMSS also reported that the cost of breast cancer treatment varies depending on the stage of the disease, ranging from $5,855 to $11,770 USD per year on average. This cost can escalate to $20,600 USD annually in private healthcare systems. Recognizing this burden, numerous research initiatives have aimed to reduce or eradicate breast cancer over the past decades. Among these initiatives, ultrasound has been extensively studied for its potential to induce cancer cell death. In this study, a computational model was developed to determine the natural frequencies of cancerous and healthy cells. The model incorporates the cytoskeleton with buckled microtubules, actin filaments arranged in an icosidodecahedron geometry connected by intermediate filaments, the cell nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane. Once developed, the model underwent modal analysis to determine the natural frequencies of the cells. Subsequently, their mechanical responses to forced frequencies were examined using damped harmonic analysis. The results of the modal analysis indicated that the maximum mass displacements for MCF-7 cells occur between 27.1 and 31.27&#xa0;kHz, while for MCF10A cells, they occur at 63.7, 67.3, and 72.8&#xa0;kHz. The damped harmonic analysis revealed the highest amplitudes for MCF-7 cells at frequencies of 31.27, 31.9, and 30.6&#xa0;kHz. These findings demonstrate that the cell lines achieve resonance and exhibit critical amplitudes at distinct frequencies, providing a foundation for developing selective cancer therapies.</p>

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A FEM modal and harmonic approach to the natural frequencies of cancer and healthy cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月27日

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  • Julio Gómez Girón,
  • José M. Rodríguez Lelis

摘要

According to the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), approximately 28,000 new cases of breast cancer are reported annually as of 2023. Unfortunately, statistics reveal that 60% of these cases are diagnosed at advanced stages. In 2022, 7,840 women lost their lives to breast cancer. The IMSS also reported that the cost of breast cancer treatment varies depending on the stage of the disease, ranging from $5,855 to $11,770 USD per year on average. This cost can escalate to $20,600 USD annually in private healthcare systems. Recognizing this burden, numerous research initiatives have aimed to reduce or eradicate breast cancer over the past decades. Among these initiatives, ultrasound has been extensively studied for its potential to induce cancer cell death. In this study, a computational model was developed to determine the natural frequencies of cancerous and healthy cells. The model incorporates the cytoskeleton with buckled microtubules, actin filaments arranged in an icosidodecahedron geometry connected by intermediate filaments, the cell nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane. Once developed, the model underwent modal analysis to determine the natural frequencies of the cells. Subsequently, their mechanical responses to forced frequencies were examined using damped harmonic analysis. The results of the modal analysis indicated that the maximum mass displacements for MCF-7 cells occur between 27.1 and 31.27 kHz, while for MCF10A cells, they occur at 63.7, 67.3, and 72.8 kHz. The damped harmonic analysis revealed the highest amplitudes for MCF-7 cells at frequencies of 31.27, 31.9, and 30.6 kHz. These findings demonstrate that the cell lines achieve resonance and exhibit critical amplitudes at distinct frequencies, providing a foundation for developing selective cancer therapies.