<p>Despite the broad employment of particle-reinforced titanium matrix composites (PTMCs) in the aerospace and automotive industries, the process of grinding PTMCs is not highly effective. To grasp a deeper understanding of the effect of grinding modes on grinding performance, the grinding tests of PTMCs were carried out with two independent grinding modes (i.e., down- and up-grinding) using a microcrystalline corundum wheel on a creep feed surface grinding machine. The findings indicate that the grinding forces of down-grinding are 6–22% larger than that of up-grinding. This impunity is given credit for the different conditions of undeformed chip thickness for an individual abrasive grain. The shape of the grinding temperature signal curve is similar to a right triangle under the up-grinding, and the shape is similar to the scalene triangle under down-grinding. The heat distribution ratio to workpiece during the film boiling stage is determined to be 73% through simulation with finite element analysis. Down-grinding adds further opportunities for grinding burn when compared with up-grinding. The material removal rate of up-grinding process is 2.6 times more than that of down-grinding without grinding burn. The surface roughness value in down-grinding is always larger than that in up-grinding. Cracks and adherence are produced in down-grinding except for scratches and plastic flow. The white layer is up to 50&#xa0;µm thick in down-grinding. A better surface quality is obtained in up-grinding compared with down-grinding. Up-grinding of PTMCs can be considered as a high-efficiency creep feed grinding machining technology. This study provides data and practical guidance for achieving efficient and high-quality grinding of PTMCs.</p>