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Purpose of Review <p>Electronic cigarette (EC) use has increased markedly in recent years, raising concerns regarding its potential impact on mental health. While prior evidence has demonstrated a strong association between vaping and depression, suicidal ideation, and other psychiatric symptoms in adolescents, less is known about these associations in adults. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the odds of psychiatric symptoms among adult EC users compared with non-users.</p> Recent Findings <p>We systematically searched eight databases through December 2025 for studies comparing current EC use with no current use in adults and reporting at least one psychiatric outcome. Twenty-four studies (22 cross-sectional and two prospective cohort studies; <i>n</i> = 2,594,722; mean age 49.7 years; 44.8% male; 3.16% current EC users) were included. Current EC use was associated with significantly higher odds of depressive symptoms (OR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.44–4.01). No statistically significant associations were observed for anxiety symptoms (OR = 3.09; 95% CI 0.67–14.26) or stress. Additionally, depressive symptoms were not associated with increased odds of current EC use. High between-study heterogeneity and evidence of small-study effects were detected.</p> Summary <p>In adults, current EC use is associated with greater odds of depressive symptoms. However, the predominance of cross-sectional designs and potential residual confounding limit causal inference. Further longitudinal research is warranted to clarify the directionality and underlying mechanisms of this association.</p>

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Associations Between E-Cigarette Use and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Mateus Rodrigues Alessi,
  • Heitor Augusto Gomes,
  • Martin Kotochinsky,
  • Gustavo Hayasaki Vieira,
  • Leticia Miyashiro,
  • Gabriela Aloe Prilip,
  • Marsal Sanches,
  • Nima Norbu Sherpa

摘要

Purpose of Review

Electronic cigarette (EC) use has increased markedly in recent years, raising concerns regarding its potential impact on mental health. While prior evidence has demonstrated a strong association between vaping and depression, suicidal ideation, and other psychiatric symptoms in adolescents, less is known about these associations in adults. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the odds of psychiatric symptoms among adult EC users compared with non-users.

Recent Findings

We systematically searched eight databases through December 2025 for studies comparing current EC use with no current use in adults and reporting at least one psychiatric outcome. Twenty-four studies (22 cross-sectional and two prospective cohort studies; n = 2,594,722; mean age 49.7 years; 44.8% male; 3.16% current EC users) were included. Current EC use was associated with significantly higher odds of depressive symptoms (OR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.44–4.01). No statistically significant associations were observed for anxiety symptoms (OR = 3.09; 95% CI 0.67–14.26) or stress. Additionally, depressive symptoms were not associated with increased odds of current EC use. High between-study heterogeneity and evidence of small-study effects were detected.

Summary

In adults, current EC use is associated with greater odds of depressive symptoms. However, the predominance of cross-sectional designs and potential residual confounding limit causal inference. Further longitudinal research is warranted to clarify the directionality and underlying mechanisms of this association.