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Purpose of Review <p>Addiction remains a substantial global health burden, driven by high relapse rates and persistent gaps in access to care. In this context, technology-based interventions (TBIs) have gained attention as potentially scalable tools to support treatment for both substance-related and behavioral addictions. This review synthesizes recent evidence across digital, immersive, AI-supported, sensor-based, and neuromodulation approaches, with emphasis on the theoretical and neurobehavioral processes these interventions appear to engage.</p> Recent Findings <p>Early web-based and SMS interventions demonstrated that core psychosocial treatments could be delivered beyond traditional clinical settings, with structured computer-based programs showing the most consistent improvements in abstinence and retention. Mobile health applications extended this model by offering real-time, context-aware support through personalization, adaptive messaging, and gamification, although clinical effects varied widely and were closely tied to engagement. Digital contingency management has shown clearer benefits because of to its ability to link remote biochemical verification with immediate reinforcement. Emerging immersive and AI-supported systems, including virtual reality cue exposure and predictive adaptive interventions, align well with contemporary learning and neurocircuitry models of addiction but remain early-stage, with limited long-term outcome data. Neuromodulation strategies aim to directly influence dysregulated frontostriatal circuits implicated in craving and decision-making, with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) demonstrating the most consistent support for reducing craving and more variable effects on abstinence and relapse outcomes.</p> Summary <p>Taken together, TBIs are increasingly positioned not only to expand access to care but also to target core mechanisms implicated in addiction. Their potential for durable clinical benefit will depend on sustained engagement, careful validation, and successful integration into real-world treatment settings.</p>

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Mechanisms, Effectiveness, and Evolution of Technology-based Interventions in Addiction Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Mohamad Wehbe,
  • Badr Abi Ali,
  • Chadi Antoun,
  • Sab Shehab,
  • Jean Marie Al Semaani,
  • Cedric Mhasseb,
  • David Karam,
  • Ali Alhussein,
  • Yehia Mechref,
  • Firas Kobeissy,
  • Mark S. Gold,
  • Farid Talih

摘要

Purpose of Review

Addiction remains a substantial global health burden, driven by high relapse rates and persistent gaps in access to care. In this context, technology-based interventions (TBIs) have gained attention as potentially scalable tools to support treatment for both substance-related and behavioral addictions. This review synthesizes recent evidence across digital, immersive, AI-supported, sensor-based, and neuromodulation approaches, with emphasis on the theoretical and neurobehavioral processes these interventions appear to engage.

Recent Findings

Early web-based and SMS interventions demonstrated that core psychosocial treatments could be delivered beyond traditional clinical settings, with structured computer-based programs showing the most consistent improvements in abstinence and retention. Mobile health applications extended this model by offering real-time, context-aware support through personalization, adaptive messaging, and gamification, although clinical effects varied widely and were closely tied to engagement. Digital contingency management has shown clearer benefits because of to its ability to link remote biochemical verification with immediate reinforcement. Emerging immersive and AI-supported systems, including virtual reality cue exposure and predictive adaptive interventions, align well with contemporary learning and neurocircuitry models of addiction but remain early-stage, with limited long-term outcome data. Neuromodulation strategies aim to directly influence dysregulated frontostriatal circuits implicated in craving and decision-making, with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) demonstrating the most consistent support for reducing craving and more variable effects on abstinence and relapse outcomes.

Summary

Taken together, TBIs are increasingly positioned not only to expand access to care but also to target core mechanisms implicated in addiction. Their potential for durable clinical benefit will depend on sustained engagement, careful validation, and successful integration into real-world treatment settings.