Purpose of Review <p> This review synthesizes the current literature on anxiety sensitivity (AS) and its role in tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use behaviors, processes, and treatment to identify next steps to improve substance use outcomes.</p> Recent Findings <p> A large body of empirical literature has identified AS as a vulnerability factor for the onset and maintenance of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use problems and established the relevance of AS as a target for intervention. Interventions targeting AS reduction have shown promise in improving substance use-related outcomes but have been limited in their reach.</p> Summary <p> We identify several areas for further development, namely the development of novel and scalable treatments, consideration of what treatments work for responsive and non-responsive patients, the utilization of advanced statistical methods to model AS relations, further investigation into the effects of AS among younger and older populations, and the exploration of transdiagnostic vulnerabilities linked to AS.</p>