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<p>Rubiaceae is the family with the most distylous genera among the Angiosperms, among them, <i>Palicourea</i>, with distyly being considered a heritable trait. However, distyly is not an evolutionarily stable breeding system, and variations in the expression of distyly have been recorded, such as the presence of populations with only one morph. In the current study, we quantitatively evaluated specific aspects of the manifestation of floral morphs and incompatibility systems in <i>Palicourea prunifolia</i>. The study was conducted with 22 populations in forest fragments in the <i>Cerrado</i> of central Brazil. Herbarium samples from 31 localities (<i>Cerrado</i> and <i>Amazonia</i>) were also investigated to complement the classification of floral morphs. The incompatibility system was tested through controlled hand-pollination experiments. Floral visitors were also observed. <i>Palicourea prunifolia</i> is a pin-monomorphic and self-compatible species but depends on pollinators for fruit formation. In total, 1524 individuals were analyzed in the field and, 31 specimens in the herbarium, and only individuals with pin-flowers were found. The main visitors were <i>Eulaema nigrita</i>, <i>Trigona</i> sp. (bees), and <i>Aellopos titan</i> (diurnal moth). This study confirmed that pin-monomorphism is a trait of the species and not of some isolated populations of <i>P. prunifolia</i>, as recorded in other Rubiaceae. Monomorphism in <i>P. prunifolia</i> represents not only an imbalance in the floral morph ratio of a distylous species but also a possible evolutionary transition in a species from an obligatory outcrossing to a mixed mating system.</p>

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Widespread stylar monomorphism in Palicourea prunifolia (Rubiaceae), an atypical feature within a heterostylous genus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • Christiano Peres Coelho,
  • Raphael Matias,
  • Hélder Nagai Consolaro

摘要

Rubiaceae is the family with the most distylous genera among the Angiosperms, among them, Palicourea, with distyly being considered a heritable trait. However, distyly is not an evolutionarily stable breeding system, and variations in the expression of distyly have been recorded, such as the presence of populations with only one morph. In the current study, we quantitatively evaluated specific aspects of the manifestation of floral morphs and incompatibility systems in Palicourea prunifolia. The study was conducted with 22 populations in forest fragments in the Cerrado of central Brazil. Herbarium samples from 31 localities (Cerrado and Amazonia) were also investigated to complement the classification of floral morphs. The incompatibility system was tested through controlled hand-pollination experiments. Floral visitors were also observed. Palicourea prunifolia is a pin-monomorphic and self-compatible species but depends on pollinators for fruit formation. In total, 1524 individuals were analyzed in the field and, 31 specimens in the herbarium, and only individuals with pin-flowers were found. The main visitors were Eulaema nigrita, Trigona sp. (bees), and Aellopos titan (diurnal moth). This study confirmed that pin-monomorphism is a trait of the species and not of some isolated populations of P. prunifolia, as recorded in other Rubiaceae. Monomorphism in P. prunifolia represents not only an imbalance in the floral morph ratio of a distylous species but also a possible evolutionary transition in a species from an obligatory outcrossing to a mixed mating system.