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<p>The floral development of <i>Dodonaea viscosa</i> (Sapindaceae) has been investigated under scanning electron microscope and light microscope to understand its floral characteristics and morphological differences from other Sapindaceae caused by a shift to wind pollination. Inflorescences of <i>Dodonaea viscosa</i> are terminal or axillary thyrsoids, occasionally shifting into botryoids. Flowers are staminate, pistillate and bisexual, and regularly tetramerous, but occasionally trimerous or pentamerous. Four sepal primordia initiate unidirectionally. There are no petals. Eight or more stamens are initiated in two whorls and are often in double position. Filaments are very short, and the anthers are incurved. Three or four carpel primordia are demarcated simultaneously and close up gradually to form a triangular or quadrangular prismatic ovary. Stylar lobes are long and intertwined. Placentation is axile with two superposed ovules per locule. A disklike inflated gynophore is present in pistillate and bisexual flowers and absent in staminate flowers. Similar glandular hairs are found on the pedicels, sepals, anther connectives, and ovary. A shift to anemophily is correlated with several derived characteristics, including unisexual flowers, an absence of a nectary, and a loss of petals. Petal loss is also responsible for a shift of the merism of stamens and carpels. A number of important differences between <i>Dodonaea viscosa</i> and other studied Sapindaceae, especially Dodonaeoideae species, are discussed. The present results demonstrate how a shift to a different pollination strategy has affected the morphology of the flower of a genus that is deeply nested within Sapindaceae.</p>

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Floral development of Dodonaea viscosa: contribution to the understanding of a highly unusual member of Sapindaceae

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Limin Cao,
  • Louis P. Ronse De Craene,
  • Zhixin Wang,
  • Yanfen Chang

摘要

The floral development of Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae) has been investigated under scanning electron microscope and light microscope to understand its floral characteristics and morphological differences from other Sapindaceae caused by a shift to wind pollination. Inflorescences of Dodonaea viscosa are terminal or axillary thyrsoids, occasionally shifting into botryoids. Flowers are staminate, pistillate and bisexual, and regularly tetramerous, but occasionally trimerous or pentamerous. Four sepal primordia initiate unidirectionally. There are no petals. Eight or more stamens are initiated in two whorls and are often in double position. Filaments are very short, and the anthers are incurved. Three or four carpel primordia are demarcated simultaneously and close up gradually to form a triangular or quadrangular prismatic ovary. Stylar lobes are long and intertwined. Placentation is axile with two superposed ovules per locule. A disklike inflated gynophore is present in pistillate and bisexual flowers and absent in staminate flowers. Similar glandular hairs are found on the pedicels, sepals, anther connectives, and ovary. A shift to anemophily is correlated with several derived characteristics, including unisexual flowers, an absence of a nectary, and a loss of petals. Petal loss is also responsible for a shift of the merism of stamens and carpels. A number of important differences between Dodonaea viscosa and other studied Sapindaceae, especially Dodonaeoideae species, are discussed. The present results demonstrate how a shift to a different pollination strategy has affected the morphology of the flower of a genus that is deeply nested within Sapindaceae.