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Purpose <p>To estimate the pooled prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE), specifically molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM), enamel hypoplasia, and dental fluorosis, in the Brazilian population.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive literature search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, SciELO and LILACS databases following PRISMA guidelines. The grey literature search was conducted on Google Scholar. Cross-sectional studies reporting prevalence data of DDE in Brazil were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Prevalence Studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled prevalence. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity.</p> Results <p>Fifty-eight studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, comprising 42,337 participants across all five Brazilian geographic regions. The pooled prevalence was 15.6% (95% CI: 13.2%–18.4%; I<sup>2</sup> = 95.6%) for MIH, 12.5% (95% CI: 8.5%–18%; I<sup>2</sup> = 96.2%) for HSPM, 4.5% (95% CI: 2.3%–8.7%; I<sup>2</sup> = 95.7%) for enamel hypoplasia and 18.3% (95% CI: 9.9%–31.3%; I<sup>2</sup> = 98.2%) for dental fluorosis. Subgroup analyses showed geographic location as a significant source of variation <i>(p</i> &lt; <i>0.001)</i>. Enamel hypoplasia was more prevalent in primary dentition (10.4%) than permanent dentition (2.9%) <i>(p</i> = <i>0.002)</i>, whilst dental fluorosis was higher in permanent (22%; 95% CI: 9.5%–43.2%) than primary dentition&#xa0;(11.2%; 95% CI: 6.4%–18.8%).</p> Conclusion <p>DDEs are highly prevalent in Brazil, with geographic region and dentition type contributing to variability.</p>

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Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • C.M.M.T. Lopes,
  • L.J.S. Falcão,
  • L.M. Lemos,
  • L.L. Costa,
  • P.B. Santos

摘要

Purpose

To estimate the pooled prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE), specifically molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM), enamel hypoplasia, and dental fluorosis, in the Brazilian population.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, SciELO and LILACS databases following PRISMA guidelines. The grey literature search was conducted on Google Scholar. Cross-sectional studies reporting prevalence data of DDE in Brazil were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Prevalence Studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled prevalence. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity.

Results

Fifty-eight studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, comprising 42,337 participants across all five Brazilian geographic regions. The pooled prevalence was 15.6% (95% CI: 13.2%–18.4%; I2 = 95.6%) for MIH, 12.5% (95% CI: 8.5%–18%; I2 = 96.2%) for HSPM, 4.5% (95% CI: 2.3%–8.7%; I2 = 95.7%) for enamel hypoplasia and 18.3% (95% CI: 9.9%–31.3%; I2 = 98.2%) for dental fluorosis. Subgroup analyses showed geographic location as a significant source of variation (p < 0.001). Enamel hypoplasia was more prevalent in primary dentition (10.4%) than permanent dentition (2.9%) (p = 0.002), whilst dental fluorosis was higher in permanent (22%; 95% CI: 9.5%–43.2%) than primary dentition (11.2%; 95% CI: 6.4%–18.8%).

Conclusion

DDEs are highly prevalent in Brazil, with geographic region and dentition type contributing to variability.