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Purpose <p>This study evaluated augmented reality (AR) headsets’ effectiveness in reducing anxiety and pain in children (7–9 years) during intraoral injections.</p> Methods <p>One hundred eight children were randomized to four groups: Control (cartoons on a mobile device during injection), Group A (cartoons via AR headset during injection), Group B (AR games before being transported to the dental chair), and Group C (AR games before plus cartoons during injection). Anxiety was assessed by Venham’s Picture Test (VPT) and heart rate (HR) monitoring; pain was measured with the FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale and the Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.</p> Results <p>Post-injection, VPT mean ranks were significantly lower in Groups A (46.59), B (42.83), and C (40.41) compared to the Control group (65.17; P &lt; 0.05). HR monitoring revealed a significant increase during injection in the Control group (107.6 ± 15.7 bpm) and Group A (106.6 ± 13.2 bpm) compared with Groups B (94.7 ± 8.0 bpm) and C (91.4 ± 9.8 bpm; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Severe pain (WBF score ≥ 8) was reported by 18.5% in the Control group versus none in the test groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, FLACC scores indicated the highest discomfort in the Control group, with no severe discomfort observed in Groups A, B, or C (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>AR headsets significantly reduce injection-related anxiety and eliminate severe pain behaviors in children, providing pediatric dental practitioners with a low-cost, easily implemented tool to enhance patient comfort and cooperation.</p> <p>The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06724341).</p>

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Evaluating the use of augmented reality in alleviating anxiety and pain in children during intraoral injection administration: a randomized-controlled trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • M. Albaal,
  • N. Bshara

摘要

Purpose

This study evaluated augmented reality (AR) headsets’ effectiveness in reducing anxiety and pain in children (7–9 years) during intraoral injections.

Methods

One hundred eight children were randomized to four groups: Control (cartoons on a mobile device during injection), Group A (cartoons via AR headset during injection), Group B (AR games before being transported to the dental chair), and Group C (AR games before plus cartoons during injection). Anxiety was assessed by Venham’s Picture Test (VPT) and heart rate (HR) monitoring; pain was measured with the FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale and the Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.

Results

Post-injection, VPT mean ranks were significantly lower in Groups A (46.59), B (42.83), and C (40.41) compared to the Control group (65.17; P < 0.05). HR monitoring revealed a significant increase during injection in the Control group (107.6 ± 15.7 bpm) and Group A (106.6 ± 13.2 bpm) compared with Groups B (94.7 ± 8.0 bpm) and C (91.4 ± 9.8 bpm; P < 0.05). Severe pain (WBF score ≥ 8) was reported by 18.5% in the Control group versus none in the test groups (P < 0.05). Similarly, FLACC scores indicated the highest discomfort in the Control group, with no severe discomfort observed in Groups A, B, or C (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

AR headsets significantly reduce injection-related anxiety and eliminate severe pain behaviors in children, providing pediatric dental practitioners with a low-cost, easily implemented tool to enhance patient comfort and cooperation.

The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06724341).