<p>We study the Doubrov–Zelenko symplectification procedure for rank 2 distributions with 5-dimensional cube—originally motivated by optimal control theory—through the lens of Tanaka–Morimoto theory for normal Cartan connections. In this way, for ambient manifolds of dimension <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( n \ge 5 \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we prove the existence of the normal Cartan connection associated with the symplectified distribution. Furthermore, we show that this symplectification can be interpreted as the <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((n-4)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>th iterated Cartan prolongation at a generic point. This interpretation naturally leads to two questions for an arbitrary rank 2 distribution with 5-dimensional cube: (1) Is the <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((n-4)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>th iterated Cartan prolongation the minimal iteration where the Tanaka symbols become unified at generic points? (2) Is the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((n-4)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>th iterated Cartan prolongation the minimal iteration admitting a normal Cartan connection via Tanaka–Morimoto theory? Our main results demonstrate that: (a) For <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n &gt; 5\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the answer to the second question is positive (in contrast to the classical <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n = 5\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> case from <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-parabolic geometries); (b) For <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n \ge 5\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the answer to the first question is negative: unification occurs already at the <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((n-5)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>th iterated Cartan prolongation.</p>

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Symplectification of rank 2 distributions, normal Cartan connections, and Cartan prolongations

  • Nicklas Day,
  • Boris Doubrov,
  • Igor Zelenko

摘要

We study the Doubrov–Zelenko symplectification procedure for rank 2 distributions with 5-dimensional cube—originally motivated by optimal control theory—through the lens of Tanaka–Morimoto theory for normal Cartan connections. In this way, for ambient manifolds of dimension \( n \ge 5 \) n 5 , we prove the existence of the normal Cartan connection associated with the symplectified distribution. Furthermore, we show that this symplectification can be interpreted as the \((n-4)\) ( n - 4 ) th iterated Cartan prolongation at a generic point. This interpretation naturally leads to two questions for an arbitrary rank 2 distribution with 5-dimensional cube: (1) Is the \((n-4)\) ( n - 4 ) th iterated Cartan prolongation the minimal iteration where the Tanaka symbols become unified at generic points? (2) Is the \((n-4)\) ( n - 4 ) th iterated Cartan prolongation the minimal iteration admitting a normal Cartan connection via Tanaka–Morimoto theory? Our main results demonstrate that: (a) For \(n > 5\) n > 5 , the answer to the second question is positive (in contrast to the classical \(n = 5\) n = 5 case from \(G_2\) G 2 -parabolic geometries); (b) For \(n \ge 5\) n 5 , the answer to the first question is negative: unification occurs already at the \((n-5)\) ( n - 5 ) th iterated Cartan prolongation.