<p>This paper studies the geometric properties of a normalized form of the Lommel function of the first kind, including starlikeness, convexity, and close-to-convexity, employing a relatively simple and efficient algorithm. Our approach relies on properties of the generalized function <Equation ID="Equ1"> <EquationNumber>1</EquationNumber> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \varphi _{k_1,k_2,c}(z) = z + \sum _{n=2}^{\infty } \frac{(-c)^{n-1}}{4^{n-1}(k_1)_{n-1}(k_2)_{n-1}} \, z^{n}, \;\, z \in {\mathbb {C}} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k_1 = (a-b+3)/2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k_2 = (a+b+3)/2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a \pm b\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> being non-negative odd integers and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c \in {\mathbb {C}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The function (<InternalRef RefID="Equ1">1</InternalRef>) can be defined as the classical convolution product of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(z/(1-cz)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(z \in {\mathbb {C}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and the normalized form of the Lommel function of the first kind. The results complement and, in some cases, improve existing results in the literature concerning the orders of starlikeness and convexity associated with the generalized function defined by (<InternalRef RefID="Equ1">1</InternalRef>) in the open unit disk <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {U}} = \{z \in {\mathbb {C}} :|z|&lt;1\}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We then compare the properties of the specified functions with those of more commonly used functions of the same class. We determine conditions for <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((k_1, k_2)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>c</i> for which <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f \in \mathcal {R}(\beta ) = \left\{ f \in \mathcal {A}({\mathbb {U}}) :\operatorname {Re}f^{\prime }(z)&gt; \beta , \, z \in {\mathbb {U}} \right\}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0 \le \beta &lt;1\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, indicates that the generalized convolution <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varphi _{k_1,k_2,c} *f\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> belongs to <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {H}^{\infty }({\mathbb {U}})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Here, <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {A}({\mathbb {U}})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the class of normalized analytic functions in <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {U}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {H}^{\infty }({\mathbb {U}})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the space of bounded analytic functions on <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {A}({\mathbb {U}})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We also obtain sufficient conditions for the expansion coefficients of <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f \in \mathcal {A}({\mathbb {U}})\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to belong to some subclasses of univalent functions.</p>

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A Geometric Framework to Characterize the Lommel Functions of the First Kind

  • J. Morais,
  • H. M. Zayed

摘要

This paper studies the geometric properties of a normalized form of the Lommel function of the first kind, including starlikeness, convexity, and close-to-convexity, employing a relatively simple and efficient algorithm. Our approach relies on properties of the generalized function 1 \(\begin{aligned} \varphi _{k_1,k_2,c}(z) = z + \sum _{n=2}^{\infty } \frac{(-c)^{n-1}}{4^{n-1}(k_1)_{n-1}(k_2)_{n-1}} \, z^{n}, \;\, z \in {\mathbb {C}} \end{aligned}\) where \(k_1 = (a-b+3)/2\) and \(k_2 = (a+b+3)/2\) with \(a \pm b\) being non-negative odd integers and \(c \in {\mathbb {C}}\) . The function (1) can be defined as the classical convolution product of \(z/(1-cz)\) , \(z \in {\mathbb {C}}\) , and the normalized form of the Lommel function of the first kind. The results complement and, in some cases, improve existing results in the literature concerning the orders of starlikeness and convexity associated with the generalized function defined by (1) in the open unit disk \({\mathbb {U}} = \{z \in {\mathbb {C}} :|z|<1\}\) . We then compare the properties of the specified functions with those of more commonly used functions of the same class. We determine conditions for \((k_1, k_2)\) and c for which \(f \in \mathcal {R}(\beta ) = \left\{ f \in \mathcal {A}({\mathbb {U}}) :\operatorname {Re}f^{\prime }(z)> \beta , \, z \in {\mathbb {U}} \right\}\) , \(0 \le \beta <1\) , indicates that the generalized convolution \(\varphi _{k_1,k_2,c} *f\) belongs to \(\mathcal {H}^{\infty }({\mathbb {U}})\) . Here, \(\mathcal {A}({\mathbb {U}})\) denotes the class of normalized analytic functions in \({\mathbb {U}}\) and \(\mathcal {H}^{\infty }({\mathbb {U}})\) is the space of bounded analytic functions on \(\mathcal {A}({\mathbb {U}})\) . We also obtain sufficient conditions for the expansion coefficients of \(f \in \mathcal {A}({\mathbb {U}})\) to belong to some subclasses of univalent functions.