<p>This paper is to develop one spectral element algorithm for second kind Volterra integral equations with highly oscillatory kernels. We first divide the interval <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3300_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I:=[0,1]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> into <i>d</i> intervals <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3300_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{I_k\}_{k=1}^d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and then present the oscillation-preserving Legendre-Galerkin method on each interval <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3300_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Then, we establish that the fully discrete approximate equation has a unique solution, which arrives at the optimal convergence order <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3300_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {O}( h^rn^{-r})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> independent of the wave number <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3300_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Here <i>r</i> denotes the regularity of the original solution, <i>h</i> is the maximal value of the step length <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3300_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="30" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|I_k|\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>n</i> denote the dimension of the approximate space on <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3300_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. At last, two numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.</p>

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Spectral element algorithm for second kind VIEs with highly oscillatory kernels

  • Haotao Cai,
  • Xiaowen Zhang

摘要

This paper is to develop one spectral element algorithm for second kind Volterra integral equations with highly oscillatory kernels. We first divide the interval \(I:=[0,1]\) I : = [ 0 , 1 ] into d intervals \(\{I_k\}_{k=1}^d\) { I k } k = 1 d and then present the oscillation-preserving Legendre-Galerkin method on each interval \(I_k\) I k . Then, we establish that the fully discrete approximate equation has a unique solution, which arrives at the optimal convergence order \(\mathcal {O}( h^rn^{-r})\) O ( h r n - r ) independent of the wave number \(\omega \) ω . Here r denotes the regularity of the original solution, h is the maximal value of the step length \(|I_k|\) | I k | and n denote the dimension of the approximate space on \(I_k\) I k . At last, two numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.