<p>In quantum physics, it is very important to give the theoretical lower and upper bounds for the geometric measure of entanglement of a multipartite pure state with nonnegative amplitudes. Existing literature shows that the theoretical bounds can be obtained by the bounds of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3126_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Z_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-spectral radius of a nonnegative tensor. In this paper, a part of conclusions on Perron-Frobenius Theorem of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3126_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Z_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-eigenpairs for a nonnegative tensor are extended to its <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3126_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Z_p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-eigenpairs, where <i>p</i> is any positive integer. Subsequently, an upper bound of any <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3126_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Z_p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-eigenvalue of a tensor is derived. And then, a lower bound of the ratio of the largest and smallest components of a positive <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40314_2025_3126_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Z_p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-eigenvector of an irreducible and nonnegative tensor is provided. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained bounds in estimating the geometric measure of entanglement.</p>

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Bounds for \(Z_p\)-eigenpairs of a tensor with application to geometric measure of entanglement

  • Jianxing Zhao,
  • Qiuhua Shi

摘要

In quantum physics, it is very important to give the theoretical lower and upper bounds for the geometric measure of entanglement of a multipartite pure state with nonnegative amplitudes. Existing literature shows that the theoretical bounds can be obtained by the bounds of \(Z_2\) Z 2 -spectral radius of a nonnegative tensor. In this paper, a part of conclusions on Perron-Frobenius Theorem of the \(Z_2\) Z 2 -eigenpairs for a nonnegative tensor are extended to its \(Z_p\) Z p -eigenpairs, where p is any positive integer. Subsequently, an upper bound of any \(Z_p\) Z p -eigenvalue of a tensor is derived. And then, a lower bound of the ratio of the largest and smallest components of a positive \(Z_p\) Z p -eigenvector of an irreducible and nonnegative tensor is provided. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained bounds in estimating the geometric measure of entanglement.