<p>We consider the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equation <Equation ID="Equ48"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_Equ48.gif" Format="GIF" Height="43" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="147" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned}{\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \partial _t \omega + u\cdot \nabla \omega =0, \\ \omega (x,0)=\omega _0(x). \end{array}\right. }\end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>We are interested in the cases when the initial vorticity has the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="117" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega _0=\omega _{0,\epsilon }+\omega _{0p,\epsilon }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega _{0,\epsilon }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is concentrated near <i>M</i> disjoint points <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p_m^0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>p</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega _{0p,\epsilon }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a small perturbation term. We prove that for such initial vorticities, the solution <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega (x,t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> admits a decomposition <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="202" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega (x,t)=\omega _{\epsilon }(x,t)+\omega _{p,\epsilon }(x,t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>ϵ</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="53" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega _{\epsilon }(x,t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>ϵ</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> remains concentrated near <i>M</i> points <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p_m(t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega _{p,\epsilon }(x,t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> remains small for <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t \in [0,T]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. As a consequence of such decomposition, we are able to consider the initial vorticity of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="28" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="181" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega _0(x)=\sum _{m=1}^M \frac{\gamma _m}{\epsilon ^2}\eta (\frac{x-p_m^0}{\epsilon })\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>M</mi> </msubsup> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>γ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mi>η</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>p</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> <mi>ϵ</mi> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where we do not assume <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\eta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>η</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to have compact support. Finally, we prove that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p_m(t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> remains separated for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="84" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\in [0,+\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega (x,t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> remains concentrated near <i>M</i> points at least for <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="101" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t \le c_0 |\log A_{\epsilon }|\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>log</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>ϵ</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_{\epsilon }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>ϵ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is small and converges to 0 as <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40304_2024_436_Article_IEq18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon \rightarrow 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Stability of the Two-Dimensional Point Vortices in Euler Flows

  • Dengjun Guo

摘要

We consider the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equation \(\begin{aligned}{\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \partial _t \omega + u\cdot \nabla \omega =0, \\ \omega (x,0)=\omega _0(x). \end{array}\right. }\end{aligned}\) t ω + u · ω = 0 , ω ( x , 0 ) = ω 0 ( x ) . We are interested in the cases when the initial vorticity has the form \(\omega _0=\omega _{0,\epsilon }+\omega _{0p,\epsilon }\) ω 0 = ω 0 , ϵ + ω 0 p , ϵ , where \(\omega _{0,\epsilon }\) ω 0 , ϵ is concentrated near M disjoint points \(p_m^0\) p m 0 and \(\omega _{0p,\epsilon }\) ω 0 p , ϵ is a small perturbation term. We prove that for such initial vorticities, the solution \(\omega (x,t)\) ω ( x , t ) admits a decomposition \(\omega (x,t)=\omega _{\epsilon }(x,t)+\omega _{p,\epsilon }(x,t)\) ω ( x , t ) = ω ϵ ( x , t ) + ω p , ϵ ( x , t ) , where \(\omega _{\epsilon }(x,t)\) ω ϵ ( x , t ) remains concentrated near M points \(p_m(t)\) p m ( t ) and \(\omega _{p,\epsilon }(x,t)\) ω p , ϵ ( x , t ) remains small for \(t \in [0,T]\) t [ 0 , T ] . As a consequence of such decomposition, we are able to consider the initial vorticity of the form \(\omega _0(x)=\sum _{m=1}^M \frac{\gamma _m}{\epsilon ^2}\eta (\frac{x-p_m^0}{\epsilon })\) ω 0 ( x ) = m = 1 M γ m ϵ 2 η ( x - p m 0 ϵ ) , where we do not assume \(\eta \) η to have compact support. Finally, we prove that if \(p_m(t)\) p m ( t ) remains separated for all \(t\in [0,+\infty )\) t [ 0 , + ) , then \(\omega (x,t)\) ω ( x , t ) remains concentrated near M points at least for \(t \le c_0 |\log A_{\epsilon }|\) t c 0 | log A ϵ | , where \(A_{\epsilon }\) A ϵ is small and converges to 0 as \(\epsilon \rightarrow 0\) ϵ 0 .