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Background <p>Myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) is a master transcription factor that triggers myogenesis and drives muscle growth.</p> Objective <p>The aim was to assess acute exercise-induced MyoD mRNA expression in skeletal muscle for young and older (age &gt; 50) adults.</p> Design <p>A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted.</p> Methods <p>A literature search was conducted for studies reporting MyoD mRNA changes in biopsied human muscle taken within 48&#xa0;h after exercise. Fifty eligible studies with 822 participants (young 20–35&#xa0;years; older 53–85&#xa0;years) were included for meta-analysis.</p> Results <p>Significant increases in MyoD mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle were observed 3–12&#xa0;h post-exercise (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.39, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), subsiding within 24–48&#xa0;h (SMD = 0.47, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Older individuals showed a similar time pattern in MyoD mRNA expression post-exercise, but the response is weaker than in younger individuals. Intriguingly, resting levels of MyoD mRNA were higher in older individuals compared to younger individuals in most age-paired studies (SMD = 0.56, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Considering the decline in anabolic hormones during later life, this systematic review highlights age- and sex-related impacts on exercise-induced MyoD mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle, emphasizing the roles of sex hormones and insulin.</p> Conclusion <p>Pooled results from the eligible studies suggest a blunted exercise-induced increase in MyoD mRNA in skeletal muscle after age 50, likely due to elevated basal MyoD expression as a compensatory mechanism against persistent catabolic conditions in aging muscle.</p> Protocol Registration <p>Registration number: CRD42023471840 (PROSPERO).</p>

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Exercise-induced MyoD mRNA Expression in Young and Older Human Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月3日

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  • Andrew Nicholls,
  • M. Brennan Harris,
  • Luthfia Dewi,
  • Chih-Yang Huang,
  • Li-Ning Pang,
  • Hsing-Jien Kung,
  • Liang-Kung Chen,
  • Chia-Hua Kuo

摘要

Background

Myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) is a master transcription factor that triggers myogenesis and drives muscle growth.

Objective

The aim was to assess acute exercise-induced MyoD mRNA expression in skeletal muscle for young and older (age > 50) adults.

Design

A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted.

Methods

A literature search was conducted for studies reporting MyoD mRNA changes in biopsied human muscle taken within 48 h after exercise. Fifty eligible studies with 822 participants (young 20–35 years; older 53–85 years) were included for meta-analysis.

Results

Significant increases in MyoD mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle were observed 3–12 h post-exercise (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.39, p < 0.001), subsiding within 24–48 h (SMD = 0.47, p < 0.001). Older individuals showed a similar time pattern in MyoD mRNA expression post-exercise, but the response is weaker than in younger individuals. Intriguingly, resting levels of MyoD mRNA were higher in older individuals compared to younger individuals in most age-paired studies (SMD = 0.56, p < 0.01). Considering the decline in anabolic hormones during later life, this systematic review highlights age- and sex-related impacts on exercise-induced MyoD mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle, emphasizing the roles of sex hormones and insulin.

Conclusion

Pooled results from the eligible studies suggest a blunted exercise-induced increase in MyoD mRNA in skeletal muscle after age 50, likely due to elevated basal MyoD expression as a compensatory mechanism against persistent catabolic conditions in aging muscle.

Protocol Registration

Registration number: CRD42023471840 (PROSPERO).