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<p>Nanostructured tin oxide (SnO₂) clusters were synthesized through a simple chemical–thermal route and subsequently encapsulated in ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) graphene layers to form SnO₂@graphene nanocomposites for lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes. While similar composite designs have been explored, the novelty of this study lies in systematically tailoring the annealing process to optimize the interface between SnO₂ and graphene, thereby enhancing electron transport and structural stability during cycling. Structural and surface analyses were performed using SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, and XRD. The optimized electrode (SG-5) delivered a high gravimetric capacity of 2268 mAh g⁻¹ at 50&#xa0;mA g⁻¹, retaining 94% capacity after 30 cycles, and an improved rate performance of 576.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 200&#xa0;mA g⁻¹. The synergistic effect of graphene wrapping and controlled annealing effectively mitigated SnO₂ volume expansion and ensured stable electrochemical performance. These findings provide a new strategy for engineering SnO₂/graphene interfaces via annealing control, offering practical insights into designing robust next-generation LIB anode materials.</p>

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Facile synthesis of Tin oxide@2D graphene nanocomposites for enhanced LIB anode materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Aliaa Abdelfatah,
  • Ahmed M. Selim,
  • Fatma M. Ahmed,
  • Abd Elhamid M. Abd Elhamid,
  • Y. Reda,
  • R. Abdel-Karim,
  • S. M. El-Raghy,
  • Lamiaa Z. Mohamed

摘要

Nanostructured tin oxide (SnO₂) clusters were synthesized through a simple chemical–thermal route and subsequently encapsulated in ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) graphene layers to form SnO₂@graphene nanocomposites for lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes. While similar composite designs have been explored, the novelty of this study lies in systematically tailoring the annealing process to optimize the interface between SnO₂ and graphene, thereby enhancing electron transport and structural stability during cycling. Structural and surface analyses were performed using SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, and XRD. The optimized electrode (SG-5) delivered a high gravimetric capacity of 2268 mAh g⁻¹ at 50 mA g⁻¹, retaining 94% capacity after 30 cycles, and an improved rate performance of 576.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 200 mA g⁻¹. The synergistic effect of graphene wrapping and controlled annealing effectively mitigated SnO₂ volume expansion and ensured stable electrochemical performance. These findings provide a new strategy for engineering SnO₂/graphene interfaces via annealing control, offering practical insights into designing robust next-generation LIB anode materials.