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<p>The global urgency to achieve carbon neutrality and peak carbon emissions (“dual carbon” strategy) has spurred remarkable progress in catalytic technologies, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photothermal catalysis, aiming at addressing environmental and energy challenges. This review systematically examines the latest breakthroughs in catalyst design [<i>e.g.</i>, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), black semiconductors, and p-block metal chalcogenides] and mechanism innovations (<i>e.g.</i>, electron spin control, defect engineering, and heterojunction construction), which enhance solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency and product selectivity. Advanced characterization techniques, including <i>operando</i> spectroscopy and machine learning, are emphasized for unraveling dynamic catalytic processes and guiding material optimization. Applications range from CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to high-value fuels (<i>e.g.</i>, CO, CH<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2+</sub> products), green hydrogen production, and pollutant degradation, showcasing the transformative potential of these technologies in energy storage, environmental remediation, and sustainable synthesis. Challenges related to scalability, stability, and economic feasibility are critically analyzed, providing insights into future research directions for industrial implementation.</p>

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Frontiers in Catalytic Technologies for Carbon Neutrality: Advances and Prospects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月16日

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  • Dan Li

摘要

The global urgency to achieve carbon neutrality and peak carbon emissions (“dual carbon” strategy) has spurred remarkable progress in catalytic technologies, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photothermal catalysis, aiming at addressing environmental and energy challenges. This review systematically examines the latest breakthroughs in catalyst design [e.g., metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), black semiconductors, and p-block metal chalcogenides] and mechanism innovations (e.g., electron spin control, defect engineering, and heterojunction construction), which enhance solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency and product selectivity. Advanced characterization techniques, including operando spectroscopy and machine learning, are emphasized for unraveling dynamic catalytic processes and guiding material optimization. Applications range from CO2 reduction to high-value fuels (e.g., CO, CH4, C2+ products), green hydrogen production, and pollutant degradation, showcasing the transformative potential of these technologies in energy storage, environmental remediation, and sustainable synthesis. Challenges related to scalability, stability, and economic feasibility are critically analyzed, providing insights into future research directions for industrial implementation.