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<p>Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanomedicines exhibit significant potential for biomedical applications. Despite the approval and clinical use of PLGA microparticle products, no PLGA nanomedicine is currently available due to challenges including scaling up production. Nanoprecipitation is a one-step method with simplicity and efficiency that is capable of scaling up. However, studies on the preparation of PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) <i>via</i> nanoprecipitation exhibit significant variability in synthesis conditions, leading to inconsistencies in NP properties. Herein, we systematically evaluated the factors influencing the preparation of PLGA NPs through nanoprecipitation. Our results indicate that a rapid bolus injection of PLGA into aqueous solution with vigorous stirring yields smaller NPs (<i>e.g.</i>, 125 nm with bolus <i>versus</i> 190 nm with 0.05 mL/min dropwise, 75 nm at 1500 r/min <i>versus</i> 106 nm at 100 r/min). Besides, low-concentration PLGA solutions, low ion concentrations, alkaline pH aqueous solutions, water-miscible solvents capable of dissolving PLGA, and carboxyl-terminated low molecular weight PLGA are beneficial for synthesizing NPs with smaller sizes. Importantly, this method was successfully scaled up to 1 L while maintaining consistent NP properties. The consistency, reproducibility, and scalability of this optimized method provide valuable guidance for the design and preparation of PLGA NPs, potentially facilitating their industrial production and clinical translation.</p>

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Production of PLGA Nanoparticles via Nanoprecipitation: A Systemic Study on Synthesis Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月9日

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  • Yushuang Wei,
  • Fengdan Xu,
  • Rong Xu,
  • Xiangyang Li,
  • Yang Yan,
  • Rui Long,
  • Ning Li,
  • Bing Yuan

摘要

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanomedicines exhibit significant potential for biomedical applications. Despite the approval and clinical use of PLGA microparticle products, no PLGA nanomedicine is currently available due to challenges including scaling up production. Nanoprecipitation is a one-step method with simplicity and efficiency that is capable of scaling up. However, studies on the preparation of PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) via nanoprecipitation exhibit significant variability in synthesis conditions, leading to inconsistencies in NP properties. Herein, we systematically evaluated the factors influencing the preparation of PLGA NPs through nanoprecipitation. Our results indicate that a rapid bolus injection of PLGA into aqueous solution with vigorous stirring yields smaller NPs (e.g., 125 nm with bolus versus 190 nm with 0.05 mL/min dropwise, 75 nm at 1500 r/min versus 106 nm at 100 r/min). Besides, low-concentration PLGA solutions, low ion concentrations, alkaline pH aqueous solutions, water-miscible solvents capable of dissolving PLGA, and carboxyl-terminated low molecular weight PLGA are beneficial for synthesizing NPs with smaller sizes. Importantly, this method was successfully scaled up to 1 L while maintaining consistent NP properties. The consistency, reproducibility, and scalability of this optimized method provide valuable guidance for the design and preparation of PLGA NPs, potentially facilitating their industrial production and clinical translation.