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<p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a colon inflammatory illness that causes significant harm to the colon tissues. <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> G. has been used for hundreds of years in old-style medication for treating gastrointestinal issues like inflammation and ulcers. To explore the therapeutic effects of <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> ethanolic extract (NNEE) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC in a rat model and to reveal the probable mechanisms intricate in the anti-colitic activities of NNEE. Network pharmacology analysis of <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> G. was performed to determine the targets and pathways. The UC was prompted by intrarectal treatment of TNBS and rats were given with the treatment of NNEE via oral gavage. Body weight, colon weight, length, disease activity index, spleen weight, thymus weight, Macroscopic, adhesion and histopathological scores, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, haematological, and antioxidant parameters were assessed in colon tissues. Inflammatory cytokines were also assessed in serum samples. A comprehensive set of 11 active components was determined to be essential to NNEE effectiveness against UC treatment based on network pharmacology. The study also identified 152 putative core therapeutic targets in addition to the top 5 targets, which are ESR1, NFKB1, SLC6A4, CREBBP, and HMGCR. After NNEE treatment, the body weights and thymus weight of rats significantly increased, as colon weight, spleen weight, disease activity index score and histological score. The haematological parameters were significantly restored such as an increase in haemoglobin, red blood cells, platelet count and a reduction in white blood cell count. However, nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase were found to be decreased with the restoration of antioxidant markers and a reduction in inflammatory cytokines levels when matched to TNBS-treated rats. NNEE decreases colonic injury in the TNBS colitis model and alleviates inflammatory and oxidative events. It does this by boosting mucus production, decreasing leukocyte migration, lowering serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, and restoring antioxidant parameters, all of which suggest that NNEE could be used as a medicinal plant to treat UC.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Network pharmacology and molecular docking of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. to reveal the pharmacological mechanisms in treating TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Deepa Mandlik,
  • Rutuparna Joshi,
  • Chaitanya Kalsekar,
  • Abhishek Kamble,
  • Manoj Magre,
  • Amol Muthal,
  • Satish Mandlik,
  • Vaibhav Shinde

摘要

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a colon inflammatory illness that causes significant harm to the colon tissues. Nelumbo nucifera G. has been used for hundreds of years in old-style medication for treating gastrointestinal issues like inflammation and ulcers. To explore the therapeutic effects of Nelumbo nucifera ethanolic extract (NNEE) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC in a rat model and to reveal the probable mechanisms intricate in the anti-colitic activities of NNEE. Network pharmacology analysis of Nelumbo nucifera G. was performed to determine the targets and pathways. The UC was prompted by intrarectal treatment of TNBS and rats were given with the treatment of NNEE via oral gavage. Body weight, colon weight, length, disease activity index, spleen weight, thymus weight, Macroscopic, adhesion and histopathological scores, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, haematological, and antioxidant parameters were assessed in colon tissues. Inflammatory cytokines were also assessed in serum samples. A comprehensive set of 11 active components was determined to be essential to NNEE effectiveness against UC treatment based on network pharmacology. The study also identified 152 putative core therapeutic targets in addition to the top 5 targets, which are ESR1, NFKB1, SLC6A4, CREBBP, and HMGCR. After NNEE treatment, the body weights and thymus weight of rats significantly increased, as colon weight, spleen weight, disease activity index score and histological score. The haematological parameters were significantly restored such as an increase in haemoglobin, red blood cells, platelet count and a reduction in white blood cell count. However, nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase were found to be decreased with the restoration of antioxidant markers and a reduction in inflammatory cytokines levels when matched to TNBS-treated rats. NNEE decreases colonic injury in the TNBS colitis model and alleviates inflammatory and oxidative events. It does this by boosting mucus production, decreasing leukocyte migration, lowering serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, and restoring antioxidant parameters, all of which suggest that NNEE could be used as a medicinal plant to treat UC.

Graphical abstract