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Background <p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have demonstrated substantial weight loss and metabolic benefits in overweight and obese populations. However, their cardio-metabolic efficacy and safety profile in Chinese adults remain incompletely characterized.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs or dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists with placebo in overweight or obese Chinese adults. Searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus from inception to October 12, 2025. Outcomes included changes in body weight, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting glucose, cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and adverse events. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects models and reported as mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p> Results <p>Five RCTs comprising 2,204 participants were included, of whom 1,522 received GLP-1RA therapy and 682 received placebo. GLP-1RAs significantly reduced body weight (MD: −10.06&#xa0;kg; 95% CI: −15.56 to − 4.56), waist circumference (MD: −7.06&#xa0;cm; 95% CI: −9.85 to − 4.26), HbA1c (MD: −0.41%; 95% CI: −0.56 to − 0.27), fasting glucose (MD: −0.48 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.69 to − 0.27), cholesterol (MD: −7.95&#xa0;mg/dL; 95% CI: −9.57 to − 6.33), systolic blood pressure (MD: −4.26 mmHg; 95% CI: −6.28 to − 2.23), and diastolic blood pressure (MD: −2.44 mmHg; 95% CI: −3.70 to − 1.18). GLP-1RAs were associated with increased risks of gastrointestinal adverse events, including nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, but not serious adverse events.</p> Conclusion <p>Among overweight or obese Chinese adults, GLP-1RAs produce clinically significant improvements in body weight and multiple cardiometabolic risk factors while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. These findings support the role of GLP-1RAs as effective long-term therapeutic options for metabolic risk reduction in this population.</p> Clinical Trial Registration <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Efficacy and safety of GLP-1RA on cardio-metabolic outcomes in overweight or obese Chinese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Abdur Rafay Bilal,
  • Maryam Sajid,
  • S. M Washaqul Arfin,
  • Abdur Raheem Bilal,
  • Hateem Gaba,
  • Shaheer Qureshi,
  • Zubair Farooq,
  • Muhammad Haris Inam,
  • Hasibullah Aminpoor,
  • Saad Ahmed Waqas

摘要

Background

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have demonstrated substantial weight loss and metabolic benefits in overweight and obese populations. However, their cardio-metabolic efficacy and safety profile in Chinese adults remain incompletely characterized.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs or dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists with placebo in overweight or obese Chinese adults. Searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus from inception to October 12, 2025. Outcomes included changes in body weight, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting glucose, cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and adverse events. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects models and reported as mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Five RCTs comprising 2,204 participants were included, of whom 1,522 received GLP-1RA therapy and 682 received placebo. GLP-1RAs significantly reduced body weight (MD: −10.06 kg; 95% CI: −15.56 to − 4.56), waist circumference (MD: −7.06 cm; 95% CI: −9.85 to − 4.26), HbA1c (MD: −0.41%; 95% CI: −0.56 to − 0.27), fasting glucose (MD: −0.48 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.69 to − 0.27), cholesterol (MD: −7.95 mg/dL; 95% CI: −9.57 to − 6.33), systolic blood pressure (MD: −4.26 mmHg; 95% CI: −6.28 to − 2.23), and diastolic blood pressure (MD: −2.44 mmHg; 95% CI: −3.70 to − 1.18). GLP-1RAs were associated with increased risks of gastrointestinal adverse events, including nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, but not serious adverse events.

Conclusion

Among overweight or obese Chinese adults, GLP-1RAs produce clinically significant improvements in body weight and multiple cardiometabolic risk factors while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. These findings support the role of GLP-1RAs as effective long-term therapeutic options for metabolic risk reduction in this population.

Clinical Trial Registration

Not applicable.