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Background <p>Prediabetes is a high-risk metabolic state associated with progression to type 2 diabetes and increased cardiometabolic burden. Magnesium plays an essential role in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, with deficiency linked to insulin resistance. However, evidence on oral magnesium supplementation in prediabetes remains limited.</p> Objective <p>To evaluate the impact of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic regulation, insulin sensitivity, and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults with prediabetes.</p> Methods <p>A systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines included randomized controlled trials comparing oral magnesium supplementation to placebo in prediabetic adults. The primary outcome was fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Secondary outcomes included 2-hour OGTT glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, lipid parameters, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and serum magnesium. Random-effects models were used with subgroup analyses for magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and magnesium oxide (MgO).</p> Results <p>Five trials (<i>n</i> = 384) were included. Magnesium supplementation showed a non-significant reduction in FPG (MD − 4.13&#xa0;mg/dL). Significant improvements were observed in 2-hour OGTT glucose (MD − 0.99 mmol/L; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001), HOMA-IR (MD − 1.10; <i>p</i> = 0.03), triglycerides (MD − 14.57&#xa0;mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.04), HDL-C (MD + 3.87&#xa0;mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.04), and serum magnesium (MD + 0.18 mmol/L; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001). Blood pressure, adiposity measures, LDL-C, and hs-CRP showed no significant changes. MgCl₂ demonstrated stronger HDL-C improvement in subgroup analysis.</p> Conclusion <p>Oral magnesium supplementation modestly improved insulin sensitivity, post-load glucose, and lipid profiles in prediabetic adults with excellent safety and tolerability. Magnesium may serve as a cost-effective adjunct to lifestyle interventions for diabetes prevention, though larger standardized trials are needed.</p>

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Impact of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic and cardiometabolic outcomes in prediabetic adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Abdul Basit,
  • Sumet Kumar,
  • Hanzlah Ahmed,
  • Rayan Babar,
  • Shireen Sana Saeed,
  • Tayyaba Aftab Siddiqui,
  • Shiza Khan,
  • Asad Saeed,
  • Munazzah Khan,
  • Hafsa Hanif,
  • Abdul Fasih,
  • Savera Shabbir,
  • Haresh Kumar,
  • Laksh Kumar,
  • Adarsh Raja,
  • Sumeet Kumar,
  • Subhash Chander

摘要

Background

Prediabetes is a high-risk metabolic state associated with progression to type 2 diabetes and increased cardiometabolic burden. Magnesium plays an essential role in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, with deficiency linked to insulin resistance. However, evidence on oral magnesium supplementation in prediabetes remains limited.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic regulation, insulin sensitivity, and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults with prediabetes.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines included randomized controlled trials comparing oral magnesium supplementation to placebo in prediabetic adults. The primary outcome was fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Secondary outcomes included 2-hour OGTT glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, lipid parameters, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and serum magnesium. Random-effects models were used with subgroup analyses for magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and magnesium oxide (MgO).

Results

Five trials (n = 384) were included. Magnesium supplementation showed a non-significant reduction in FPG (MD − 4.13 mg/dL). Significant improvements were observed in 2-hour OGTT glucose (MD − 0.99 mmol/L; p < 0.00001), HOMA-IR (MD − 1.10; p = 0.03), triglycerides (MD − 14.57 mg/dL; p = 0.04), HDL-C (MD + 3.87 mg/dL; p = 0.04), and serum magnesium (MD + 0.18 mmol/L; p < 0.00001). Blood pressure, adiposity measures, LDL-C, and hs-CRP showed no significant changes. MgCl₂ demonstrated stronger HDL-C improvement in subgroup analysis.

Conclusion

Oral magnesium supplementation modestly improved insulin sensitivity, post-load glucose, and lipid profiles in prediabetic adults with excellent safety and tolerability. Magnesium may serve as a cost-effective adjunct to lifestyle interventions for diabetes prevention, though larger standardized trials are needed.