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<p>Three possible ways are known to transport hydrogen by pipeline: (i) blending hydrogen into the existing natural gas pipeline system; (ii) using the natural gas transporting pipeline system to transport (pure) hydrogen, typically after retrofitting or repurposing; and (iii) building a new pipeline system to transport (pure) hydrogen. In all three cases, the used welded or non-welded pipes must be joined with girth welds. Therefore, these low-alloy steel pipelines contain a large number of girth welds, which play a key role in the integrity of the whole pipelines. The own integrity of the girth welds can be interpreted as depending on a number of factors. The factors affecting integrity were systematized and the effect of hydrogen for the natural gas transporting pipelines was interpreted. The influence of material quality was illustrated using the example of two conventional pipeline material (X42 and X52, as older materials) and a high-strength pipeline material (X100, as newer material) that is becoming more widely used. Furthermore, various test results for welded joints were also presented.</p>

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Systematic review of factors influencing the integrity of pipeline girth welds exposed to hydrogen

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月28日

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  • Judit Kovács,
  • János Lukács

摘要

Three possible ways are known to transport hydrogen by pipeline: (i) blending hydrogen into the existing natural gas pipeline system; (ii) using the natural gas transporting pipeline system to transport (pure) hydrogen, typically after retrofitting or repurposing; and (iii) building a new pipeline system to transport (pure) hydrogen. In all three cases, the used welded or non-welded pipes must be joined with girth welds. Therefore, these low-alloy steel pipelines contain a large number of girth welds, which play a key role in the integrity of the whole pipelines. The own integrity of the girth welds can be interpreted as depending on a number of factors. The factors affecting integrity were systematized and the effect of hydrogen for the natural gas transporting pipelines was interpreted. The influence of material quality was illustrated using the example of two conventional pipeline material (X42 and X52, as older materials) and a high-strength pipeline material (X100, as newer material) that is becoming more widely used. Furthermore, various test results for welded joints were also presented.