Seam tracking and visual welding control in lap joint welding with Otsu’s thresholding and Gaussian line detection
摘要
Thin plate lap welding is a critical technique in automotive manufacturing, significantly impacting structural safety and reliability. This study presents a visual servo control welding system designed for this application, incorporating a novel pulse MAG welding technique with optimized arc light suppression. The system employs precise image processing algorithms and a robust control framework to achieve real-time seam tracking and welding control. By separately designing image processing methods based on Otsu’s thresholding algorithm and Gaussian line detection, the integrated system maintains weld line deviations within 0.5 mm during operations, achieving a mean absolute error of 0.15 mm, a root mean square error of 0.21 mm, and an in-tolerance percentage of 94.4% after the first entry into the steady-state error range. The welding control system, enhanced by a negative feedback mechanism and optimized control strategies, significantly improves process stability and accuracy. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed system and methods in achieving real-time seam tracking and producing quality welds, demonstrating its potential to enhance efficiency and reliability in thin plate lap welding processes.