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<p>This study examines the livelihood dynamics, vulnerabilities, and adaptive strategies of the Munda people, a small ethnic group that primarily depends on the Sundarbans mangrove forest for their livelihoods. Drawing on the sustainable livelihood framework and a justice-based perspective, the analysis highlights across five livelihood capitals (human, natural, financial, physical, and social) to identify key threats and stressors contributing to their livelihood vulnerabilities and explores strategies to make their livelihood more viable. The findings reveal that historical land dispossession, limited education, and social discrimination have eroded livelihood security and perpetuated marginalization. Institutional arrangements, including restrictive forest policies and exclusion from welfare and decision-making, further constrain access to resources and undermine adaptive capacity. While indigenous knowledge and collective practices provide a buffer against climatic shocks, coping strategies have often become maladaptive, trapping households into debt cycle, food insecurity, and social exclusion. Despite these challenges, the Munda people exhibit traditional skills and strategies rooted in their culture and tradition, but these are insufficient to make their livelihoods viable. The study argues that addressing Munda marginalization requires embedding principles of distributional, procedural, and recognitional justice into policy frameworks, alongside investments in land tenure security, education, healthcare, and alternative livelihoods. By situating the Munda experience within broader patterns of ethnic-minority dispossession, the research underscores the urgent need for inclusive, justice-oriented approaches to sustainability in the Sundarbans.</p>

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Disconnecting from the mangroves: Indigenous knowledge and the Munda people’s responses to socio-environmental change in the Bangladesh Sundarbans

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Md. Al- Masruf Emon,
  • Reashan Ujjaman,
  • Partho Protim Barman,
  • Mohammad Mahmudul Islam

摘要

This study examines the livelihood dynamics, vulnerabilities, and adaptive strategies of the Munda people, a small ethnic group that primarily depends on the Sundarbans mangrove forest for their livelihoods. Drawing on the sustainable livelihood framework and a justice-based perspective, the analysis highlights across five livelihood capitals (human, natural, financial, physical, and social) to identify key threats and stressors contributing to their livelihood vulnerabilities and explores strategies to make their livelihood more viable. The findings reveal that historical land dispossession, limited education, and social discrimination have eroded livelihood security and perpetuated marginalization. Institutional arrangements, including restrictive forest policies and exclusion from welfare and decision-making, further constrain access to resources and undermine adaptive capacity. While indigenous knowledge and collective practices provide a buffer against climatic shocks, coping strategies have often become maladaptive, trapping households into debt cycle, food insecurity, and social exclusion. Despite these challenges, the Munda people exhibit traditional skills and strategies rooted in their culture and tradition, but these are insufficient to make their livelihoods viable. The study argues that addressing Munda marginalization requires embedding principles of distributional, procedural, and recognitional justice into policy frameworks, alongside investments in land tenure security, education, healthcare, and alternative livelihoods. By situating the Munda experience within broader patterns of ethnic-minority dispossession, the research underscores the urgent need for inclusive, justice-oriented approaches to sustainability in the Sundarbans.