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<p>Alternative livelihood (AL) interventions aimed at natural resource restoration and enhancing users’ well-being have demonstrated suboptimal outcomes among the small-scale fishers of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. This study examines the factors influencing the implementation and reception of these interventions in mangrove-dependent communities of the Sundarbans. We applied the sustainable livelihood framework to analyse the strategies and viability of livelihood interventions. Primary data were collected through individual interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions with beneficiaries, and critical information interviews with AL-providing agencies and relevant stakeholders. While ALs offer tangible benefits regarding income generation, food security, and community resilience, the results suggest that it is challenging to find evidence supporting AL interventions’ success from the long-term sustainability. Many respondents expressed dissatisfaction due to deficiencies in capital and institutional barriers stemming from limited skills and education, inefficient beneficiary selection, undue pressure to produce satisfactory outcomes, inadequate coordination among delivering agencies, and insufficient cooperation between local governments and project entities. Hence, this study highlights the need for a bottom-up approach to beneficiary selection, enhanced inter-agency collaboration, refined project design, and increased investment in education and vocational training to improve AL intervention outcomes and environmental sustainability.</p>

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Why do alternative livelihood interventions succeed or fail? a case study of the Sundarbans mangrove fishing communities of Bangladesh

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月31日

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  • Reashan Ujjaman,
  • Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder,
  • Md. Al-Masruf Emon,
  • Mohammad Mahmudul Islam

摘要

Alternative livelihood (AL) interventions aimed at natural resource restoration and enhancing users’ well-being have demonstrated suboptimal outcomes among the small-scale fishers of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. This study examines the factors influencing the implementation and reception of these interventions in mangrove-dependent communities of the Sundarbans. We applied the sustainable livelihood framework to analyse the strategies and viability of livelihood interventions. Primary data were collected through individual interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions with beneficiaries, and critical information interviews with AL-providing agencies and relevant stakeholders. While ALs offer tangible benefits regarding income generation, food security, and community resilience, the results suggest that it is challenging to find evidence supporting AL interventions’ success from the long-term sustainability. Many respondents expressed dissatisfaction due to deficiencies in capital and institutional barriers stemming from limited skills and education, inefficient beneficiary selection, undue pressure to produce satisfactory outcomes, inadequate coordination among delivering agencies, and insufficient cooperation between local governments and project entities. Hence, this study highlights the need for a bottom-up approach to beneficiary selection, enhanced inter-agency collaboration, refined project design, and increased investment in education and vocational training to improve AL intervention outcomes and environmental sustainability.