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Purpose of review <p>Cytokines play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases. Consequently, genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes can have profound effects on the susceptibility to or protection from infections and also influence clinical manifestations, disease severity, as well as outcome. This narrative review summarizes the recent findings on the role of genetic polymorphisms of IL-18, a recently discovered cytokine, on certain infectious diseases of public health relevance.</p> Findings <p>The findings of the review suggest that IL-18 polymorphisms can have a significant impact on multiple infectious diseases, including malaria, leishmaniasis, HIV/AIDS, HBV, tuberculosis and <i>H. pylori.</i> This highlights the need to understand specific polymorphisms to decipher their protective or predisposing effects. For instance, the presence of G and T alleles at position − 656 is suggested to have a probable protective effect against Visceral Leishmaniasis. Haplotypes −137 G/−607&#xa0;C (GC) and −137&#xa0;C/−607 C (CC) in the promoter region are associated with increased susceptibility to severe malarial anaemia. SNPs rs544354 and rs574429 (GC) are linked to a higher risk of <i>P. falciparum</i> infection and increased parasitemia. The −137&#xa0;C/C genotype and −137&#xa0;G allele (with G/G genotype) are associated with faster progression to AIDS. In contrast, the IL-18 genotype does not seem to affect HIV susceptibility.</p> Summary <p>IL-18 polymorphisms influence the pathophysiology in infections like HBV, <i>H. pylori</i>, and TB. However, the conflicting results in studies conducted in different populations (e.g., genetic polymorphism, studies conducted in India and China in HBV infection) necessitate further research with larger sample sizes to resolve inconsistencies in the findings.</p>

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Genetic Polymorphisms of IL-18 and Their Association with Infectious Diseases– An Update

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • Durga Arumugam,
  • Janani Semalaiyappan,
  • Balamurugan Mookiah,
  • Vijesh Sreedhar Kuttiatt

摘要

Purpose of review

Cytokines play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases. Consequently, genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes can have profound effects on the susceptibility to or protection from infections and also influence clinical manifestations, disease severity, as well as outcome. This narrative review summarizes the recent findings on the role of genetic polymorphisms of IL-18, a recently discovered cytokine, on certain infectious diseases of public health relevance.

Findings

The findings of the review suggest that IL-18 polymorphisms can have a significant impact on multiple infectious diseases, including malaria, leishmaniasis, HIV/AIDS, HBV, tuberculosis and H. pylori. This highlights the need to understand specific polymorphisms to decipher their protective or predisposing effects. For instance, the presence of G and T alleles at position − 656 is suggested to have a probable protective effect against Visceral Leishmaniasis. Haplotypes −137 G/−607 C (GC) and −137 C/−607 C (CC) in the promoter region are associated with increased susceptibility to severe malarial anaemia. SNPs rs544354 and rs574429 (GC) are linked to a higher risk of P. falciparum infection and increased parasitemia. The −137 C/C genotype and −137 G allele (with G/G genotype) are associated with faster progression to AIDS. In contrast, the IL-18 genotype does not seem to affect HIV susceptibility.

Summary

IL-18 polymorphisms influence the pathophysiology in infections like HBV, H. pylori, and TB. However, the conflicting results in studies conducted in different populations (e.g., genetic polymorphism, studies conducted in India and China in HBV infection) necessitate further research with larger sample sizes to resolve inconsistencies in the findings.