Purpose of Review <p>The purpose of this review is to summarise the new literature findings on the topic of idiopathic subglottic stenosis with an emphasis on pathophysiology and treatment.</p> Recent Findings <p>Recent research revealed <i>Moraxella</i> and <i>Mycobacterium</i> colonisation and a new biomarker expressed by pathogenic macrophages, S100A8/A9. First, prospective multicentre cohort studies with long-term follow-up have been published, emphasising that cricotracheal resection (CTR) offers the lowest recurrence, while endoscopic resection with medical therapy balances disease control with voice and quality of life outcomes. Adjuvant serial intralesional steroid injection (SILSI) has shown mixed outcomes across various studies, in terms of prolonging the recurrence interval. A new endoscopic surgical technique, the Maddern procedure, has been published with low recurrence rates, but long-term follow-up is needed for true comparison with other techniques.</p> Summary <p>While recent findings in the pathogenesis may lead to the development of targeted therapy, less invasive surgical approaches with adjuvant therapies are being investigated for higher quality of life outcomes.</p>