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Purpose of review <p>This review summarizes recent advances in pediatric ophthalmic anesthesia, focusing on emergence agitation, examination under anesthesia (EUA), anesthesia strategies for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and care for children with developmental or medical comorbidities.</p> Recent findings <p>Emerging evidence supports multimodal approaches to reduce emergence delirium, including sub-Tenon’s blocks with dexmedetomidine and intraoperative methadone. EUA protocols now emphasize streamlined exams under a single anesthetic, with some low-risk cases managed without intravenous access or general anesthesia. In ROP care, alternative strategies such as laryngeal mask airway use and bedside laser under sedation are being explored. Concerns over neurodevelopmental risks are also prompting efforts to limit cumulative anesthetic exposure through coordinated care.</p> Summary <p>Pediatric ophthalmic anesthesia is evolving toward safer, more individualized approaches. Incorporating targeted techniques and minimizing exposure can improve outcomes and inform best practices in this vulnerable population.</p>

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Anesthesia Strategies for Pediatric Ophthalmic Patients: Systematic Review of Recent Advances and Updates

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Abdulrahman Mamoon Allaf,
  • Ta Chen Chang,
  • Neil H. Masters

摘要

Purpose of review

This review summarizes recent advances in pediatric ophthalmic anesthesia, focusing on emergence agitation, examination under anesthesia (EUA), anesthesia strategies for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and care for children with developmental or medical comorbidities.

Recent findings

Emerging evidence supports multimodal approaches to reduce emergence delirium, including sub-Tenon’s blocks with dexmedetomidine and intraoperative methadone. EUA protocols now emphasize streamlined exams under a single anesthetic, with some low-risk cases managed without intravenous access or general anesthesia. In ROP care, alternative strategies such as laryngeal mask airway use and bedside laser under sedation are being explored. Concerns over neurodevelopmental risks are also prompting efforts to limit cumulative anesthetic exposure through coordinated care.

Summary

Pediatric ophthalmic anesthesia is evolving toward safer, more individualized approaches. Incorporating targeted techniques and minimizing exposure can improve outcomes and inform best practices in this vulnerable population.