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Introduction <p>Lower respiratory tract infections represent a major public health burden, but adult data on respiratory viruses except influenza and COVID-19 are limited. Most European surveillance systems report aggregate data lacking patient-level detail.</p> Methods <p>We utilised the multicountry id.DRIVE surveillance study data to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of adults hospitalised with pathogen-specific severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) during 2024–2025. Adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalised with SARI across 17 hospitals in Spain, Italy, and Germany between 1 September 2024 and 31 August 2025 were included. All participants were tested using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza A/B (testing additional respiratory pathogens varied by hospital). Descriptive analyses were stratified by pathogen.</p> Results <p>Of 8730 included participants (median age, 77 years), 14.3% (<i>n</i> = 1249) tested positive for influenza A, 6.9% (<i>n</i> = 606) SARS-CoV-2, 6.4% (<i>n</i> = 554) RSV, and 0.8% (<i>n</i> = 74) for influenza B. Positivity peaked for influenza and RSV in December–January, and for SARS-CoV-2 in July. Comorbidity burden was substantial: 51.9% of all SARI participants had ≥ 3 chronic conditions, reaching 62.3% in those with RSV. RSV-positive SARI patients were older (median age, 80 years); oxygen therapy was required in 72.0%, non-invasive ventilation in 12.3%, and in-hospital mortality was 9.4%. Over 75.0% of SARI cases positive for a respiratory virus received antibiotics during hospitalisation.</p> Conclusion <p>Viral pathogens remain a major cause of adult SARI hospitalisations in Europe. Our findings highlight the continued burden and seasonal diversity of viral respiratory pathogens, supporting the value of integrated, pathogen-specific SARI surveillance guiding prevention strategies.</p>

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Viral Pathogen-Specific Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Hospitalised Adults in Europe: Epidemiological Findings from the id.DRIVE Study 2024–2025

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Katherine Newell,
  • Nikki Vroom,
  • Cátia Marques,
  • Ekaterina Maslova,
  • Farid L. Khan,
  • Kok-Yew Ngew,
  • Hannah R. Volkman,
  • Chengbin Wang,
  • Juan V. Hernandez-Villena,
  • Negar Aliabadi,
  • Elizabeth Begier,
  • Jennifer L. Nguyen,
  • Hollie Dunford,
  • Somsuvro Basu,
  • Andrés Antón,
  • Susana Otero-Romero,
  • Irma Casas,
  • Elisa Martró,
  • Beate Grüner,
  • Giancarlo Icardi,
  • Federico Martinón-Torres,
  • Ainara Mira-Iglesias,
  • Carlos M. Oñoro-López,
  • Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez,
  • Oleguer Parés-Badell,
  • Wolfgang Gleiber,
  • Antoni Torres,
  • Kaatje Bollaerts,
  • Carlos Fernández García,
  • Brenda Marquina Sánchez,
  • F. Xavier López Labrador,
  • Beatriz Mengual Chuliá,
  • Laura Cano Pérez,
  • Sandra García Esteban,
  • Mario Carballido-Fernández,
  • Mª Dolores Tirado Balaguer,
  • Francisco Sanz Herrero,
  • Concepción Gimeno Cardona,
  • María Dolores Ocete Mochon,
  • Ana Pineda Caplliure,
  • Juan Alberola Enguidanos,
  • Juanjo Camarena Miñana,
  • Ángel Belenguer Varea,
  • Olalla Martínez Macias,
  • Maruan Shalabi Benavent,
  • Francisco José Arjona Zaragozí,
  • David Panisello Yagüe,
  • Poppy J. Hesketh-Best,
  • Cristina Casañ,
  • Verónica Saludes,
  • Pere‑Joan Cardona,
  • Beatriz Blanco,
  • Julia Valera,
  • Erika Pérez,
  • Cristina Andrés Vergés,
  • Eva del Amo Moran,
  • Gema Barbeito Castiñeiras,
  • Ouhao Zhu Huang,
  • Lorenzo Redondo Collazo,
  • Andres Muy Perez,
  • Angela Manzanares Casteleiro,
  • Irene Rivero Calle,
  • Ana Dacosta-Urbieta,
  • Jose Antonio Diaz Peromingo,
  • Paula Pesqueira Fontan,
  • Sonia Molinos Castro,
  • Nuria Rodriguez Nuñez,
  • Amara Gonzalez Noya,
  • Carmen Rodriguez-Tenreiro Sanchez,
  • Ana Pastoriza Mourelle,
  • Ana Cotovad Bellas,
  • Paula Otero Riveira,
  • Miriam Taboada Puga,
  • Andres Amado Fondo,
  • Jose Ramón Arribas López,
  • Almudena Gutiérrez Arroyo,
  • David Grandioso Vas,
  • Marcial Cariqueo Arriagada,
  • Andrea Orsi,
  • Donatella Panatto,
  • Alexander Domnich,
  • Carola Minet,
  • Carlo Simone Trombetta,
  • Giada Garzillo,
  • Stefano Mosca,
  • Annapaola Callegaro,
  • Elena Pariani,
  • Giovanni Battista Orsi,
  • Alessandra Torsello,
  • Maria Chironna,
  • Francesca Centrone,
  • Ilaria Manini,
  • Emanuele Montomoli,
  • Caterina Rizzo,
  • Francesco Baglivo,
  • Patrick König,
  • Tonio Naka,
  • Lynn Peters,
  • Nicoleta-Raluca Trif

摘要

Introduction

Lower respiratory tract infections represent a major public health burden, but adult data on respiratory viruses except influenza and COVID-19 are limited. Most European surveillance systems report aggregate data lacking patient-level detail.

Methods

We utilised the multicountry id.DRIVE surveillance study data to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of adults hospitalised with pathogen-specific severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) during 2024–2025. Adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalised with SARI across 17 hospitals in Spain, Italy, and Germany between 1 September 2024 and 31 August 2025 were included. All participants were tested using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza A/B (testing additional respiratory pathogens varied by hospital). Descriptive analyses were stratified by pathogen.

Results

Of 8730 included participants (median age, 77 years), 14.3% (n = 1249) tested positive for influenza A, 6.9% (n = 606) SARS-CoV-2, 6.4% (n = 554) RSV, and 0.8% (n = 74) for influenza B. Positivity peaked for influenza and RSV in December–January, and for SARS-CoV-2 in July. Comorbidity burden was substantial: 51.9% of all SARI participants had ≥ 3 chronic conditions, reaching 62.3% in those with RSV. RSV-positive SARI patients were older (median age, 80 years); oxygen therapy was required in 72.0%, non-invasive ventilation in 12.3%, and in-hospital mortality was 9.4%. Over 75.0% of SARI cases positive for a respiratory virus received antibiotics during hospitalisation.

Conclusion

Viral pathogens remain a major cause of adult SARI hospitalisations in Europe. Our findings highlight the continued burden and seasonal diversity of viral respiratory pathogens, supporting the value of integrated, pathogen-specific SARI surveillance guiding prevention strategies.