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<p>This study evaluates Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) and Compacted Clay Liners (CCLs) for reservoir embankment applications under equivalent hydraulic performance conditions, using an integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework. A cradle-to-gate inventory was developed from project-specific foreground data, literature values, and ecoinvent/OpenLCA background datasets, with regional adaptation of electricity and transport assumptions to the Karnataka context. For the defined functional unit, GCL showed lower cumulative energy demand (67.0&#xa0;MJ/m²) and lower greenhouse gas emissions (7.5&#xa0;kg CO₂-eq/m²) than CCL (213.0&#xa0;MJ/m² and 14.1&#xa0;kg CO₂-eq/m², respectively). Sensitivity and Monte Carlo analyses indicated that transport distance and material intensity were the most influential drivers of variability. The AHP ranking favored GCL under the stated weighting scheme, while the results remain context-dependent and should not be generalized beyond the defined system boundary.</p>

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A Contextual Life Cycle and Multi-criteria Assessment of Geosynthetic and Compacted Clay Liners Under Equivalent Hydraulic Performance Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Syed Zahid Nabi,
  • G. L. Sivakumar Babu

摘要

This study evaluates Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) and Compacted Clay Liners (CCLs) for reservoir embankment applications under equivalent hydraulic performance conditions, using an integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework. A cradle-to-gate inventory was developed from project-specific foreground data, literature values, and ecoinvent/OpenLCA background datasets, with regional adaptation of electricity and transport assumptions to the Karnataka context. For the defined functional unit, GCL showed lower cumulative energy demand (67.0 MJ/m²) and lower greenhouse gas emissions (7.5 kg CO₂-eq/m²) than CCL (213.0 MJ/m² and 14.1 kg CO₂-eq/m², respectively). Sensitivity and Monte Carlo analyses indicated that transport distance and material intensity were the most influential drivers of variability. The AHP ranking favored GCL under the stated weighting scheme, while the results remain context-dependent and should not be generalized beyond the defined system boundary.