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<p>Bauxite residue, an iron-rich industrial by-product generated during alumina production, also known as Red Mud (RM) is assessed for its utilization as stabilizer in applications in embankment and subgrade construction. This study investigates the geotechnical performance of marine soil-bauxite residue blends at replacement levels of 25%, 50%, 75% red mud and 100% red mud. The red mud amended marine soil was evaluated through tests on specific gravity, pH, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and one-dimensional compressibility. Microstructural observations indicated a loose and porous fabric in marine soil, whereas red mud exhibited dense particle aggregation, resulting in improved particle packing and reduced void ratios in the blended mixes. Mineralogical analysis confirmed the presence of hematite and other metallic oxides in bauxite residue, thereby increasing density and strength of the soil blends. The addition of red mud reduced liquid and plastic limits, indicating decreased plasticity and improved workability. Increasing bauxite residue content led to higher maximum dry density and CBR values, demonstrating enhanced load-bearing capacity. Compressibility behavior improved significantly, with 75% replacement reducing the compression index by approximately 50% compared to untreated marine soil. UCS results showed consistent strength gain, although higher replacement levels exhibited brittle failure behavior. The stabilized blends, maintained a near-neutral pH (~ 8), indicating environmental compatibility. Overall, partial replacement of marine soil with red mud significantly enhances strength and deformation characteristics, supporting its potential as a sustainable alternative geomaterial for geotechnical applications.</p>

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Geotechnical Characterization and Engineering Behaviour of Marine Soil Amended with Industrial Bauxite Residue

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • R. Aswathy,
  • Anil Kumar

摘要

Bauxite residue, an iron-rich industrial by-product generated during alumina production, also known as Red Mud (RM) is assessed for its utilization as stabilizer in applications in embankment and subgrade construction. This study investigates the geotechnical performance of marine soil-bauxite residue blends at replacement levels of 25%, 50%, 75% red mud and 100% red mud. The red mud amended marine soil was evaluated through tests on specific gravity, pH, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and one-dimensional compressibility. Microstructural observations indicated a loose and porous fabric in marine soil, whereas red mud exhibited dense particle aggregation, resulting in improved particle packing and reduced void ratios in the blended mixes. Mineralogical analysis confirmed the presence of hematite and other metallic oxides in bauxite residue, thereby increasing density and strength of the soil blends. The addition of red mud reduced liquid and plastic limits, indicating decreased plasticity and improved workability. Increasing bauxite residue content led to higher maximum dry density and CBR values, demonstrating enhanced load-bearing capacity. Compressibility behavior improved significantly, with 75% replacement reducing the compression index by approximately 50% compared to untreated marine soil. UCS results showed consistent strength gain, although higher replacement levels exhibited brittle failure behavior. The stabilized blends, maintained a near-neutral pH (~ 8), indicating environmental compatibility. Overall, partial replacement of marine soil with red mud significantly enhances strength and deformation characteristics, supporting its potential as a sustainable alternative geomaterial for geotechnical applications.