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<p>A comprehensive numerical examination was conducted to evaluate the <i>p-y</i> curves in sandy soils. Three-dimensional finite element modeling was performed using PLAXIS 3D. The analysis focused on a single pile with fixed length and diameter (<i>D</i>), while varying the ground slope angles from 10° to 30°. The study examined pile behavior when positioned at different locations along the embankment (- sign) and slope side (+ sign), specifically at distances of ±4<i>D</i>, ±8<i>D</i>, ± 12<i>D</i>, and ± 16<i>D</i> from the slope crest. Sandy soil with relative densities of 30–70% has been utilized. To represent the constitutive nature of sandy soil, the hardening soil model was adopted. Bending moment curves were fitted using cubic spline functions, from which soil reaction (<i>p-y</i>) curves were derived under sloping ground conditions. These <i>p-y</i> curves for piles located on the embankment and slope side were compared to those for piles on level ground. Additionally, the ultimate soil resistance for sloped ground scenarios was determined.</p>

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Numerical Prediction of p-y Curves for Piles Placed at Top & Along Slope of Embankment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Yamini Jala,
  • Vishwas A. Sawant,
  • Anumita Mishra

摘要

A comprehensive numerical examination was conducted to evaluate the p-y curves in sandy soils. Three-dimensional finite element modeling was performed using PLAXIS 3D. The analysis focused on a single pile with fixed length and diameter (D), while varying the ground slope angles from 10° to 30°. The study examined pile behavior when positioned at different locations along the embankment (- sign) and slope side (+ sign), specifically at distances of ±4D, ±8D, ± 12D, and ± 16D from the slope crest. Sandy soil with relative densities of 30–70% has been utilized. To represent the constitutive nature of sandy soil, the hardening soil model was adopted. Bending moment curves were fitted using cubic spline functions, from which soil reaction (p-y) curves were derived under sloping ground conditions. These p-y curves for piles located on the embankment and slope side were compared to those for piles on level ground. Additionally, the ultimate soil resistance for sloped ground scenarios was determined.