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<p>Hydraulic stowing using fly ash offers a sustainable alternative to river sand but is limited by slow settling and drainage during early placement. This technical note evaluates the influence of small gypsum additions (0–6 wt %) on the early-stage hydraulic response of a Class F fly ash-water slurry at a fixed 1:1 solids-to-water ratio. Laboratory sedimentation and drainage tests conducted under controlled conditions revealed distinct dosage-dependent trends. A gypsum addition of approximately 4% accelerated initial settling, increased early bulk density from 0.68 to 0.76&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup>, and enhanced water release compared with the untreated slurry. Higher dosages produced only marginal additional improvement, indicating diminishing returns beyond moderate sulphate addition. The findings provide preliminary insight into optimizing gypsum-modified fly ash mixtures to improve early drainage efficiency, reduce hydrostatic pressure on barricades, and enhance operational performance in sustainable hydraulic stowing applications.</p>

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Early-Stage Hydraulic Behaviour of Gypsum-Modified Class F Fly Ash Slurries for Stowing Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Sanjoy Gorain,
  • Bikram Pal,
  • Rohit Pandey,
  • Ashok Kumar

摘要

Hydraulic stowing using fly ash offers a sustainable alternative to river sand but is limited by slow settling and drainage during early placement. This technical note evaluates the influence of small gypsum additions (0–6 wt %) on the early-stage hydraulic response of a Class F fly ash-water slurry at a fixed 1:1 solids-to-water ratio. Laboratory sedimentation and drainage tests conducted under controlled conditions revealed distinct dosage-dependent trends. A gypsum addition of approximately 4% accelerated initial settling, increased early bulk density from 0.68 to 0.76 g/cm3, and enhanced water release compared with the untreated slurry. Higher dosages produced only marginal additional improvement, indicating diminishing returns beyond moderate sulphate addition. The findings provide preliminary insight into optimizing gypsum-modified fly ash mixtures to improve early drainage efficiency, reduce hydrostatic pressure on barricades, and enhance operational performance in sustainable hydraulic stowing applications.