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<p>In the Deccan Trap region of India, black cotton soil is commonly found. It poses significant geotechnical challenges due to pronounced swelling and shrinkage under varying moisture conditions, which often lead to instability. As the subgrade is critical for ensuring adequate compaction and load-bearing capacity, such weak expansive soils are generally unsuitable for construction. To address these issues, soil stabilization becomes essential. The escalating generation of power-plant residues, most notably coal bottom ash (CBA), has become a global concern, as inadequate disposal methods contribute to significant environmental degradation. However, the growing emphasis on sustainability has encouraged the reuse of coal ash in construction and ground improvement due to its pozzolanic properties. This study examines the sustainable utilization of CBA to stabilize expansive soils and enhance their strength. Additionally, a cementitious stabilizer, wollastonite microfiber (WMF), was incorporated to further enhance mechanical behavior. The soil was partially replaced with CBA and WMF, and laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the geotechnical performance. The findings demonstrate that the synergistic incorporation of pozzolanic and cementitious additives markedly enhances the engineering performance of the treated soil. The Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of the Soil–10% WMF–30% CBA mixture increased from 563.93&#xa0;kPa at 0 days to 1146.43&#xa0;kPa after 28 days of curing. Overall, the UCS improves by approximately 467.5% relative to untreated soil (202.48&#xa0;kPa) and increases by 214% in California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The study introduces a novel CBA–WMF system that provides an environmentally friendly, practical approach to strengthening problematic soils.</p>

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A Novel Pozzolanic–Cementitious Composite System for Stabilizing Expansive Subgrade Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Omkar Prakash Navagire,
  • V. Srinivasan

摘要

In the Deccan Trap region of India, black cotton soil is commonly found. It poses significant geotechnical challenges due to pronounced swelling and shrinkage under varying moisture conditions, which often lead to instability. As the subgrade is critical for ensuring adequate compaction and load-bearing capacity, such weak expansive soils are generally unsuitable for construction. To address these issues, soil stabilization becomes essential. The escalating generation of power-plant residues, most notably coal bottom ash (CBA), has become a global concern, as inadequate disposal methods contribute to significant environmental degradation. However, the growing emphasis on sustainability has encouraged the reuse of coal ash in construction and ground improvement due to its pozzolanic properties. This study examines the sustainable utilization of CBA to stabilize expansive soils and enhance their strength. Additionally, a cementitious stabilizer, wollastonite microfiber (WMF), was incorporated to further enhance mechanical behavior. The soil was partially replaced with CBA and WMF, and laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the geotechnical performance. The findings demonstrate that the synergistic incorporation of pozzolanic and cementitious additives markedly enhances the engineering performance of the treated soil. The Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of the Soil–10% WMF–30% CBA mixture increased from 563.93 kPa at 0 days to 1146.43 kPa after 28 days of curing. Overall, the UCS improves by approximately 467.5% relative to untreated soil (202.48 kPa) and increases by 214% in California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The study introduces a novel CBA–WMF system that provides an environmentally friendly, practical approach to strengthening problematic soils.