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<p>Slope instability has caused significant environmental, social, and economic impacts in many mining regions worldwide. Mining-related effects include landslides, soil erosion, and rainfall infiltration, and these activities have altered the geology and influenced soil behaviour. This study aims to provide insights into the macro and micro geotechnical properties affecting mine slope stability in Tonkolili, Northern Sierra Leone. The experimental analysis and results showed that the mine slope soil exhibited an alkaline pH range of 9.65 to 9.98, a low cation exchange capacity of approximately 3 to 3.76 nmol/kg, and a particle composition primarily composed of sandy SILT and clay, which affected contaminant transport. Additionally, the Atterberg tests indicated moderate plasticity. The X-ray fluorescence analysis identified SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CaO, with silicon and lead accounting for the majority of the trace metal concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed rough, angular particles (724&#xa0;nm–2.27&#xa0;μm), indicating reduced porosity, permeability, and contaminant retention. The Stability analysis yielded safety factors of 1.829 (static), 0.671 (seismically drained), 0.105 (undrained), and 0.194 (drained), indicating potential instability. These research findings will provide insights into the macro- and micro-geotechnical properties of mine slope stability, aiding the minimisation of the adverse effects of slope instability, which is essential for sustainable management and risk mitigation at the mine site.</p>

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A Comprehensive Study of Macro and Micro Geotechnical Properties Affecting Mine Slope Stability: A Case Study of the Tonkolili Mine Sites in Sierra Leone

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Ibrahim Ahmed Kanu,
  • Mabinty Sarah Tholley,
  • Mingkang Ding,
  • Zichen Liu,
  • Wenbin Sun

摘要

Slope instability has caused significant environmental, social, and economic impacts in many mining regions worldwide. Mining-related effects include landslides, soil erosion, and rainfall infiltration, and these activities have altered the geology and influenced soil behaviour. This study aims to provide insights into the macro and micro geotechnical properties affecting mine slope stability in Tonkolili, Northern Sierra Leone. The experimental analysis and results showed that the mine slope soil exhibited an alkaline pH range of 9.65 to 9.98, a low cation exchange capacity of approximately 3 to 3.76 nmol/kg, and a particle composition primarily composed of sandy SILT and clay, which affected contaminant transport. Additionally, the Atterberg tests indicated moderate plasticity. The X-ray fluorescence analysis identified SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CaO, with silicon and lead accounting for the majority of the trace metal concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed rough, angular particles (724 nm–2.27 μm), indicating reduced porosity, permeability, and contaminant retention. The Stability analysis yielded safety factors of 1.829 (static), 0.671 (seismically drained), 0.105 (undrained), and 0.194 (drained), indicating potential instability. These research findings will provide insights into the macro- and micro-geotechnical properties of mine slope stability, aiding the minimisation of the adverse effects of slope instability, which is essential for sustainable management and risk mitigation at the mine site.