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<p>The arching effect in the soil is assessed through the classical trapdoor method, where the soil responds differently to drained conditions. Most of the previous investigations on trapdoor stability have focused on the undrained behaviour of soil in two-dimensional (2D) settings, with limited studies addressing the cohesive-frictional response of soils. This research aims to analyse the stability of circular and ring-shaped trapdoors in <i>c</i>-<i>φ</i> soils by using stability factors (<i>N</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>, <i>N</i><sub><i>q</i></sub>, <i>N</i><sub><i>γ</i></sub>) in 2D axisymmetric conditions by applying the superposition principle, similar to Terzaghi’s bearing capacity coefficients. The stability factors are calculated by analysing the lower and upper bounds of finite element limit analysis. This study considers variations in the friction angle of soil, the embedded depth ratio, and radii ratio of the trapdoor. In this study, the design charts for assessing soil stability for circular and ring-shaped trapdoors are presented, which will be of great interest to practising engineers.</p>

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Evaluation of Drained Stability Factors for Circular and Ring Shape Trapdoors Using Finite Element Limit Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Harsh Rai,
  • Jitesh T. Chavda

摘要

The arching effect in the soil is assessed through the classical trapdoor method, where the soil responds differently to drained conditions. Most of the previous investigations on trapdoor stability have focused on the undrained behaviour of soil in two-dimensional (2D) settings, with limited studies addressing the cohesive-frictional response of soils. This research aims to analyse the stability of circular and ring-shaped trapdoors in c-φ soils by using stability factors (Nc, Nq, Nγ) in 2D axisymmetric conditions by applying the superposition principle, similar to Terzaghi’s bearing capacity coefficients. The stability factors are calculated by analysing the lower and upper bounds of finite element limit analysis. This study considers variations in the friction angle of soil, the embedded depth ratio, and radii ratio of the trapdoor. In this study, the design charts for assessing soil stability for circular and ring-shaped trapdoors are presented, which will be of great interest to practising engineers.