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<p>Rising interest in agro-waste biomass for power generation has led to substantial disposal of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) on agricultural land, creating environmental concerns. Owing to their favourable physicochemical properties, these ashes offer potential as binders for stabilising expansive soils. This study evaluates POFA and SCBA, used alone and blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), to improve the engineering and microstructural behaviour of high-plasticity clay. Soils treated with POFA, SCBA, POFA–GGBS, and SCBA–GGBS were assessed for changes in Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and differential free swell index (DFSI). A waste-derived alkali activator was used to develop alkali-activated binders incorporating POFA/SCBA and GGBS as aluminosilicate sources. Mineralogical and microstructural changes were examined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that all binders increased UCS and maximum dry density while reducing liquid and plastic limits and swelling potential. Untreated soil exhibited a UCS of 121.1&#xa0;kPa, whereas alkali-activated blends of 5% POFA + 5% GGBS and 5% SCBA + 5% GGBS achieved UCS values of 1677&#xa0;kPa and 1779&#xa0;kPa, respectively. Overall, POFA and SCBA particularly in combination with GGBS and alkali activation are effective for expansive soil stabilisation while offering a sustainable pathway for agro-ash utilisation.</p>

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Efficiency of Palm Oil Fuel Ash, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and GGBS-Based Alkali Activated Binders in the Stabilisation of Expansive Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Kumar Gedela Santhosh,
  • Sk M. Subhani,
  • A. Bahurudeen,
  • Bande Giridhar Rajesh

摘要

Rising interest in agro-waste biomass for power generation has led to substantial disposal of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) on agricultural land, creating environmental concerns. Owing to their favourable physicochemical properties, these ashes offer potential as binders for stabilising expansive soils. This study evaluates POFA and SCBA, used alone and blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), to improve the engineering and microstructural behaviour of high-plasticity clay. Soils treated with POFA, SCBA, POFA–GGBS, and SCBA–GGBS were assessed for changes in Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and differential free swell index (DFSI). A waste-derived alkali activator was used to develop alkali-activated binders incorporating POFA/SCBA and GGBS as aluminosilicate sources. Mineralogical and microstructural changes were examined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that all binders increased UCS and maximum dry density while reducing liquid and plastic limits and swelling potential. Untreated soil exhibited a UCS of 121.1 kPa, whereas alkali-activated blends of 5% POFA + 5% GGBS and 5% SCBA + 5% GGBS achieved UCS values of 1677 kPa and 1779 kPa, respectively. Overall, POFA and SCBA particularly in combination with GGBS and alkali activation are effective for expansive soil stabilisation while offering a sustainable pathway for agro-ash utilisation.