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<p>This study investigates the mechanical behavior of coal, sandstone, and sandy mudstone under cyclic loading. Conventional triaxial compression tests and variable lower-limit cyclic loading-unloading tests were conducted using a THM-coupled servo-triaxial system with Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring. The results indicate that the inherent properties of these materials result in distinct fracture development and damage mechanisms. Cyclic loading induced hardening effects, increasing the elastic modulus of the specimens. Compared to conventional triaxial compression tests, the peak radial strain increased by approximately 147.5% in coal, 61.45% in sandstone, and 35.62% in sandy mudstone under cyclic loading. Failure modes exhibited complex macroscopic fracture surfaces lacking a dominant pattern. AE analysis indicated that energy release was concentrated during stable crack propagation, and internal damage induced by cyclic loading correlated with the load magnitude. Notably, sandy mudstone exhibited unique damage evolution, attributed to its plasticity, characterized by active crack development and the lack of a slow damage accumulation phase.</p>

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Mechanical Characteristics and Acoustic Emission Energy Evolution Behavior of Coal, Sandstone, and Sandy Mudstone Under Variable Lower-Limit Cyclic Loading-Unloading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Guozhen Zhao,
  • Hanwen Wang,
  • Wei Cheng,
  • Haoyan Liang

摘要

This study investigates the mechanical behavior of coal, sandstone, and sandy mudstone under cyclic loading. Conventional triaxial compression tests and variable lower-limit cyclic loading-unloading tests were conducted using a THM-coupled servo-triaxial system with Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring. The results indicate that the inherent properties of these materials result in distinct fracture development and damage mechanisms. Cyclic loading induced hardening effects, increasing the elastic modulus of the specimens. Compared to conventional triaxial compression tests, the peak radial strain increased by approximately 147.5% in coal, 61.45% in sandstone, and 35.62% in sandy mudstone under cyclic loading. Failure modes exhibited complex macroscopic fracture surfaces lacking a dominant pattern. AE analysis indicated that energy release was concentrated during stable crack propagation, and internal damage induced by cyclic loading correlated with the load magnitude. Notably, sandy mudstone exhibited unique damage evolution, attributed to its plasticity, characterized by active crack development and the lack of a slow damage accumulation phase.