<p>The linear cutting machine (LCM) test is a well-known laboratory tool for rock cutting and performance prediction of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs). To overcome the shortcomings of the laboratory method, such as the high cost of sample preparation and testing and the limited availability of rock samples, numerical modelling methods have been established to examine the mechanism of breakage of the rock by a TBM. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of disc cutters in different operational scenarios, including varying levels of installation angle, confining pressures, and surface grooves. This aim was achieved by simulating the LCM test using the numerical method. The Abaqus software was selected for this numerical simulation, and the simulation was conducted using its capabilities. The findings of this study indicate that as the installation angle and confining pressure are increased, all three cutting forces exhibit a corresponding increase. These findings also show that although the normal disc cutter shows greater cutting efficiency, the introduction of surface grooves leads to increased lateral cracking in a gauge disc cutter compared to a normal disc cutter. This phenomenon has the effect of enhancing the efficiency of the gauge disc cutter. In addition, the findings indicate that the confining pressure exceeding a certain threshold can effectively reduce the occurrence of vertical cracks, and as the confining pressure increases, the excavation process becomes more efficient. It is noteworthy that these effects can be observed across all installation scenarios of the disc cutter. It is reasonable to hypothesize that the results of the present study could contribute to the advancement of disc cutter installation angle research.</p>