<p>This paper addresses a critical challenge of dumpsites rehabilitation that India is facing currently. Open dumpsites across the country have long been persistent sources of environmental degradation and serious public health hazards. Over the past decade, landfill mining (LFM) has emerged as a promising approach to reclaim and remediate these legacy waste sites. Increasingly, the geotechnical engineering community in India has shown significant interest in exploring various aspects of LFM, including waste characterization, material recovery, and valorization potential. This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the technical literature on landfill mining in India published over the last ten years. Key themes examined include waste characterization, resource valorization, geotechnical suitability, and operational challenges. In addition to LFM, this paper introduces an alternative rehabilitation approach: the microbial methane oxidation system (MMOS), which has recently gained a major attention in developed countries due to the pressing issue of methane emissions from landfills. Both LFM and MMOS are evaluated and compared in terms of sustainability, feasibility, and long-term impact within the Indian context. A decision support matrix is presented to facilitate the selection of the most feasible option between the two. The comparative analysis highlights the strengths and limitations of each approach. The insights and findings presented in this study are valuable for researchers, policymakers, and waste management practitioners aiming to develop sustainable solutions for dumpsites rehabilitation.</p>