<p>An analytical model has been developed to predict ground surface settlement due to tunneling, incorporating the arching and seepage effects. The developed model predicts the surface settlement, taking in situ soil properties and tunnel geometries as input parameters. The study illustrates the effect of the elasticity modulus, friction angle, cohesion, unit weight, and seepage head on the maximum surface settlement. The parametric study showed that the maximum surface settlement reduced substantially for the higher values of the elasticity modulus, cohesion, and angle of internal friction of the soil. The maximum surface settlement has been found to decrease by 83.25% as the cover-to-diameter (<i>C</i>/<i>D</i>) ratio increased from 1 to 3, indicating a significant impact of the tunnel depth on the surface settlement. The optimal center-to-center spacing between the&#xa0;twin tunnels has been found to be 5D for both cohesive and cohesionless soils, as no significant reduction in surface settlement was observed beyond this spacing. The developed model has been validated with the published analytical models. The surface settlement profiles predicted by the developed model have also been found to be in close agreement with the field instrumentation data of the East–West Metro Project (UG2), Kolkata, India, for both single and twin tunnels.</p>