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<p>This study investigates the sustainable application of industrial waste by-products such as fly ash (FA) from coal-based thermal power plants and lime sludge (LS) from the paper industry in cohesive soil stabilization. By using the geopolymer produced from waste by-products, this research aims to enhance the engineering properties of cohesive soils while mitigating environmental risks associated with waste disposal. Sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH) at 5 and 10 Molar concentrations were used as alkali activators to evaluate their impact on stabilization. Various mixtures of FA and LS (FA/LS ratio—30:0, 20:10, 10:20, and 0:30) were replaced in the soil and tested. Mechanical tests, including the modified Proctor test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), split tensile strength (STS), and California bearing ratio (CBR) test, were conducted to assess the performance of the geopolymer-stabilized soil. Results showed significant improvements in soil strength with geopolymer replacements. The maximum dry density, the 7-day UCS, the 7-day STS, and the soaked and unsoaked CBR of the soil are increased by 45.09, 2535, 1673, 339, and 885%, respectively, with the addition of geopolymer. The higher concentration of NaOH dissolved FA and LS particles to leach silica, alumina, and calcium oxide in geopolymerization. The optimum precursor replacement of 30% FA in the soil at 10&#xa0;M NaOH concentration significantly enhanced the mechanical performance of clayey soil.</p>

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Strength Development of Cohesive Soil Stabilized with Hazardous Wastes Fly Ash and Lime Sludge Powder-based Geopolymer Cured at Ambient Temperature

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月9日

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  • Jitendra Singh Yadav,
  • Poonam Shekhawat,
  • Praveen Kumar

摘要

This study investigates the sustainable application of industrial waste by-products such as fly ash (FA) from coal-based thermal power plants and lime sludge (LS) from the paper industry in cohesive soil stabilization. By using the geopolymer produced from waste by-products, this research aims to enhance the engineering properties of cohesive soils while mitigating environmental risks associated with waste disposal. Sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH) at 5 and 10 Molar concentrations were used as alkali activators to evaluate their impact on stabilization. Various mixtures of FA and LS (FA/LS ratio—30:0, 20:10, 10:20, and 0:30) were replaced in the soil and tested. Mechanical tests, including the modified Proctor test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), split tensile strength (STS), and California bearing ratio (CBR) test, were conducted to assess the performance of the geopolymer-stabilized soil. Results showed significant improvements in soil strength with geopolymer replacements. The maximum dry density, the 7-day UCS, the 7-day STS, and the soaked and unsoaked CBR of the soil are increased by 45.09, 2535, 1673, 339, and 885%, respectively, with the addition of geopolymer. The higher concentration of NaOH dissolved FA and LS particles to leach silica, alumina, and calcium oxide in geopolymerization. The optimum precursor replacement of 30% FA in the soil at 10 M NaOH concentration significantly enhanced the mechanical performance of clayey soil.